---
title: stirrup — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stirrup» in the school dictionary: A stirrup is a metal loop that hangs on each side of a horse's saddle, for the rider to put their foot in. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stirrup

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stirrup, metal loop, you, She, knight, Hammer · **What happens:** be, hang, put in, shape, put, ride · **To what, where:** metal loop, side, foot, tiny bone, middle ear, smallest bone

<!-- .vabout -->
«stirrup» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stirrup in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stirrup.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stirrup is a metal loop that hangs on each side of a horse's saddle, for the rider to put their foot in.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:m1:1
# text = A stirrup is a metal loop that hangs on each side of a horse's saddle, for the rider to put their foot in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stirrup | a metal loop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hang** | present | a metal loop |  |  | each side of a horse's saddle |  | for the rider | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |
| 3 | **put in** | to-infinitive | a metal loop *not said here* | their foot |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent foot=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stirrup (or stapes) is also a tiny bone in the middle ear, shaped like a stirrup; it is the smallest bone in the human body.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:m2:1
# text = The stirrup (or stapes) is also a tiny bone in the middle ear, shaped like a stirrup; it is the smallest bone in the human body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stapes	stapes	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
26	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the stirrup | a tiny bone and the smallest bone |  | the middle ear |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  | a tiny bone and the smallest bone *not said here* |  |  |  | like a stirrup | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **is a** | present | stirrup | the smallest bone |  | the human body |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your feet in the stirrups before you ride.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x1:1
# text = Put your feet in the stirrups before you ride.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stirrups	stirrup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your feet |  | the stirrups |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Theme in stirrup=Destination |
| 2 | **ride** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She shortened the stirrups for the pony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x2:1
# text = She shortened the stirrups for the pony.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stirrups	stirrup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shorten** | past | She | the stirrups |  |  |  | for the pony | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stirrup=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight stood up in his stirrups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x3:1
# text = The knight stood up in his stirrups.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	stirrups	stirrup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | the knight |  |  | knight's stirrups |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in stirrup=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stirrup is the smallest bone in your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x4:1
# text = The stirrup is the smallest bone in your body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the stirrup | the smallest bone |  | your body |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hammer, anvil and stirrup are the ear bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x5:1
# text = Hammer, anvil and stirrup are the ear bones.
1	Hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	anvil	anvil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hammer and anvil and stirrup | the ear bones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His foot slipped out of the stirrup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x6:1
# text = His foot slipped out of the stirrup.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slip out** | past | His foot | the stirrup |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent stirrup=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stirrup cup is a drink before a ride (old custom).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x7:1
# text = A stirrup cup is a drink before a ride (old custom).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stirrup cup | a drink |  |  | before a ride |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The King gave him a beautiful charger, with golden stirrups, and a sword.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stirrup:x8:1
# text = The King gave him a beautiful charger, with golden stirrups, and a sword.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	charger	charger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stirrups	stirrup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the King | a beautiful charger | him *= he* |  |  | with golden stirrups | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient charger=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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