---
title: stoke — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stoke» in the school dictionary: To stoke a fire means to add fuel such as coal or wood and stir it so it burns more strongly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stoke

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fuel, you, Grandpa, Rumours, school, speech · **What happens:** stoke, mean, add, stir, burn, make · **To what, where:** fire, fuel, feeling, you, engine, fears · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stoke» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stoke in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stoke.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stoke a fire means to add fuel such as coal or wood and stir it so it burns more strongly.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:m1:1
# text = To stoke a fire means to add fuel such as coal or wood and stir it so it burns more strongly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stoke	stoke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stir	stir	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
20	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	21	advmod	_	_
21	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | to-infinitive |  | a fire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | fuel |  |  |  | such coal or wood | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Patient |
| 4 | **stir** | infinitive |  | fuel |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer |
| 5 | **burn** | present | fuel |  |  |  |  | strongly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stoke a feeling such as fear or anger means to make it stronger.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:m2:1
# text = To stoke a feeling such as fear or anger means to make it stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stoke	stoke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | to-infinitive |  | a feeling |  |  |  | such fear or anger | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | feeling |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, stoked — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are stoked, you are very excited and happy, especially in Australia, New Zealand and the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:m3:1
# text = If you are stoked, you are very excited and happy, especially in Australia, New Zealand and the USA.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
18	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | excited *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa stoked the fire before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x1:1
# text = Grandpa stoked the fire before bed.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | past | Grandpa | the fire |  |  | before bed |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stoker shovelled coal to stoke the engine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x2:1
# text = The stoker shovelled coal to stoke the engine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stoker	stoker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shovelled	shovelled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stoke	stoke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | to-infinitive |  | the engine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumours stoked fears that the school would close.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x3:1
# text = Rumours stoked fears that the school would close.
1	Rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fears	fear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | past | Rumours | fears |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | would | the school | fears *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach's speech stoked our team spirit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x4:1
# text = The coach's speech stoked our team spirit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | past | the coach's speech | our team spirit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** |  | the coach |  |  |  |  |  | nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm so stoked about the holidays! (slang)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I'm so stoked about the holidays!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x5:1
# text = I'm so stoked about the holidays!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | present · passive | I |  |  |  |  | about the holidays | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (slang)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x5:2
# text = (slang)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was stoked to win the surfing contest. (slang)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* She was stoked to win the surfing contest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x6:1
# text = She was stoked to win the surfing contest.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	surfing	surfing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive |  | the surfing contest |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contest=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (slang)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x6:2
# text = (slang)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he stoked the fire, blew it, and set them all round it to warm themselves.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoke:x7:1
# text = Then he stoked the fire, blew it, and set them all round it to warm themselves.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stoked	stoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	all	all	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	round	round	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	warm	warm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
18	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoke** | past | he | the fire |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **blow** | past | he *not said here* | fire |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **set** | infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **round** | present | them *= they* | fire |  |  |  | all *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 5 | **warm** | to-infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | themselves *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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