---
title: stooping — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stooping» in the school dictionary: Bending the top part of your body forwards and down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stooping

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, She, old man, We, I, Stooping · **What happens:** bend, stand, walk, do, be, stoop · **To what, where:** top part, shoulders, something, usual standards, coin, stick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stooping» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stooping in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stooping.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bending the top part of your body forwards and down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:m1:1
# text = Bending the top part of your body forwards and down.
1	Bending	bend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	forwards	forwards	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | gerund |  | the top part of your body |  |  |  | forwards *property* | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent part=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standing or walking with your back and shoulders bent forwards, often because of age or habit.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:m2:1
# text = Standing or walking with your back and shoulders bent forwards, often because of age or habit.
1	Standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	forwards	forwards	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  |  | because age or habit |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with your back and shoulders | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bend** | participle |  | shoulders *not said here* |  |  |  | forwards *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in «stooping to» — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing something mean, unfair or dishonest that is below your usual standards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:m3:1
# text = Doing something mean, unfair or dishonest that is below your usual standards.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	below	below	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	standards	standard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  | your usual standards |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was stooping to pick up a coin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x1:1
# text = She was stooping to pick up a coin.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pick	pick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop** | past · progressive | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pick up** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a coin |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man walked slowly, stooping over his stick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x2:1
# text = The old man walked slowly, stooping over his stick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the old man |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stoop** | gerund | the old man *not said here* |  |  | man's stick |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over stick=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had to go through the low tunnel stooping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x3:1
# text = We had to go through the low tunnel stooping.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | the low tunnel |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through tunnel=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **stoop** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm not stooping to their level by calling names.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x4:1
# text = I'm not stooping to their level by calling names.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stoop** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | to their level | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | I *not said here* | names |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stooping all day in the garden hurt Grandma's back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x5:1
# text = Stooping all day in the garden hurt Grandma's back.
1	Stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop** | gerund |  |  |  | the garden | day |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in garden=Location |
| 2 | **hurt** | past | Stooping | Grandma's back |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer back=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was stooping over the map, looking for the route.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x6:1
# text = He was stooping over the map, looking for the route.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop** | past · progressive | He |  |  | the map |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over map=Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the route | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for route=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They won't win by stooping to cheating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x7:1
# text = They won't win by stooping to cheating.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **win** | future | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stoop** | gerund | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to cheating | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gently stooping over him she kissed his forehead, and at her touch he awoke.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stooping:x8:1
# text = Gently stooping over him she kissed his forehead, and at her touch he awoke.
1	Gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	awoke	awake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop** | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over him *= he*; gently *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over he=Location |
| 2 | **kiss** | past | she | his forehead |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forehead=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **awake** | past | he |  |  | her touch |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at touch=Location |
| 4 | **touch** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom touch «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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