---
title: stop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stop» in the school dictionary: To stop means to not move or not go on any more. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stop

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stop, bus, full stop, you, stoppp, that · **What happens:** stop, mean, not move, not go, be, do · **To what, where:** any, someone, something, place, short break, trip · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stop» in the school dictionary: its 10 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop means to not move or not go on any more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m1:1
# text = To stop means to not move or not go on any more.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **go** | infinitive |  |  |  | any |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on any=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop someone is to keep them from doing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m2:1
# text = To stop someone is to keep them from doing something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stop is a place where a bus or train waits for people: a bus stop.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m3:1
# text = A stop is a place where a bus or train waits for people: a bus stop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	waits	wait	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stop | a place and a bus stop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wait** | present | a bus or train |  |  |  |  | for people | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stop is a short break in a trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m4:1
# text = A stop is a short break in a trip.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stop | a short break |  | a trip |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A full stop (UK) is the dot . at the end of a sentence (US: period).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m5:1
# text = A full stop (UK) is the dot . at the end of a sentence (US: period).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dot	dot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a full stop | the dot |  |  | at the end of a sentence |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stop it!» and «pack it in» mean quit doing that; «stop by» or «stop over» means visit briefly.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m6:1
# text = «Stop it!» and «pack it in» mean quit doing that; «stop by» or «stop over» means visit briefly.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	pack	pack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
12	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
13	quit	quit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
14	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
26	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
28	briefly	briefly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pack in** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **quit** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **do** | gerund |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 6 | **stop by** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 7 | **stop over** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 8 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 9 | **visit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | briefly *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stop!» or «stoppp» can mean «that's so funny» or «no way», not a real command.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m7:1
# text = «Stop!» or «stoppp» can mean «that's so funny» or «no way», not a real command.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	stoppp	stoppp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	det	_	_
20	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | can | stoppp |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stop whinging», «stop mucking about» are blunt orders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m8:1
# text = «Stop whinging», «stop mucking about» are blunt orders.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	_
3	whinging	whing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	mucking	muck	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	blunt	blunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **whing** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **muck about** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | blunt orders |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 9 {#m9}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Cease», «halt», «discontinue» and «terminate» are stiff words: «Cease writing immediately.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m9:1
# text = «Cease», «halt», «discontinue» and «terminate» are stiff words: «Cease writing immediately.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cease	cease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	halt	halt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	discontinue	discontinue	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	terminate	terminate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Cease	cease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
22	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discontinue** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector |
| 2 | **terminate** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Cease | stiff words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **write** *in a quote* | gerund | Cease *not said here* |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 10 {#m10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop can also mean to stay in a place for a while.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:m10:1
# text = To stop can also mean to stay in a place for a while.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a place | while |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus makes 5 stops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x1:1
# text = The bus makes 5 stops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the bus | 5 |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material 5=Product |
| 2 | **stop** | present | the bus *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the first stop 4 people got off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x2:1
# text = At the first stop 4 people got off.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get off** | past | people |  |  | the first stop |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stopped after reading 30 pages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x3:1
# text = She stopped after reading 30 pages.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | She *not said here* | 30 pages |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They stopped for lunch after 2 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x4:1
# text = They stopped for lunch after 2 hours.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | They |  |  |  | hour | for lunch | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop at the kerb and look both ways.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x5:1
# text = Stop at the kerb and look both ways.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kerb	kerb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the kerb |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at kerb=Location |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | you *not said here* | both ways |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car stopped at the red light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x6:1
# text = The car stopped at the red light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the car |  |  | the red light |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at light=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please stop talking and listen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x7:1
# text = Please stop talking and listen.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **listen** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't forget the full stop at the end of your sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x8:1
# text = Don't forget the full stop at the end of your sentence.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	forget	forget	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **forget** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the full stop |  |  | at the end of your sentence |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sentence** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
stop by mine after school, bring the 3 games (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x9:1
# text = stop by mine after school, bring the 3 games (casual)
1	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	casual	casual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | after school | by mine | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the 3 games |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop whinging and finish the sums. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Stop whinging and finish the sums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x10:1
# text = Stop whinging and finish the sums.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	whinging	whing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	finish	finish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **whing** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **finish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the sums |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sum=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x10:2
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vehicle halts at 5 intermediate stations; at the first, 4 passengers alight. Ascertain the number remaining aboard. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A vehicle halts at 5 intermediate stations; at the first, 4 passengers alight.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x11:1
# text = A vehicle halts at 5 intermediate stations; at the first, 4 passengers alight.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	halts	halt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	intermediate	intermediate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stations	station	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	alight	alight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **halt** | present | a vehicle |  |  | 5 intermediate stations |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the number remaining aboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x11:2
# text = Ascertain the number remaining aboard.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	aboard	aboard	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the number |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 2 | **remain** | gerund | the number *not said here* |  |  |  |  | aboard *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x11:3
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But that did not stop long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stop:x12:1
# text = But that did not stop long.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stop** | past · do-support | that |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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