---
title: stopping — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stopping» in the school dictionary: Stopping means coming to an end or no longer moving. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stopping

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bus, We, train, Rain, Cars, goalkeeper · **What happens:** stop, mean, come, move, make, stay · **To what, where:** end, someone, ball, next station, long stopping distance, wet roads

<!-- .vabout -->
«stopping» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stopping in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stopping.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stopping means coming to an end or no longer moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:m1:1
# text = Stopping means coming to an end or no longer moving.
1	Stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	no	no	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  | to a end |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus is stopping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:m1e:1
# text = The bus is stopping.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present · progressive | the bus |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stopping can mean making someone or something stop: stopping the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:m2:1
# text = Stopping can mean making someone or something stop: stopping the ball.
1	Stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	compound	_	_
8	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 4 | **stop** | gerund |  | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ball=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stopping can mean staying somewhere for a short time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:m3:1
# text = Stopping can mean staying somewhere for a short time.
1	Stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | somewhere *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are stopping at Gran's tonight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:m3e:1
# text = We are stopping at Gran's tonight.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	tonight	tonight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present · progressive | We |  |  |  | tonight |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train is stopping at the next station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x1:1
# text = The train is stopping at the next station.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present · progressive | the train |  |  | the next station |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at station=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain is not stopping soon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x2:1
# text = Rain is not stopping soon.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stop** | present · progressive | Rain |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cars need a long stopping distance on wet roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x3:1
# text = Cars need a long stopping distance on wet roads.
1	Cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	stopping	stopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Cars | a long stopping distance |  | wet roads |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot distance=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goalkeeper is good at stopping penalties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x4:1
# text = The goalkeeper is good at stopping penalties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	penalties	penalty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the goalkeeper |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | the goalkeeper *not said here* | penalties |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality penalty=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ran without stopping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x5:1
# text = He ran without stopping.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are stopping at a café for lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x6:1
# text = We are stopping at a café for lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present · progressive | We |  |  | a café for lunch |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at café=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brakes make the bike stop by friction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x7:1
# text = Brakes make the bike stop by friction.
1	Brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Brakes | the bike stop |  |  |  | by friction | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material stop=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for stopping by.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopping:x8:1
# text = Thank you for stopping by.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **stop by** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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