---
title: stopwatch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stopwatch» in the school dictionary: A watch or timer that can be started and stopped by pressing a button, to measure exactly how long something takes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stopwatch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, coach, my, you, stopwatch, Ali · **What happens:** start, stop, press, measure, take, time · **To what, where:** watch, button, sprint, stopwatch, ball, 10.3

<!-- .vabout -->
«stopwatch» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stopwatch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stopwatch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A watch or timer that can be started and stopped by pressing a button, to measure exactly how long something takes.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:m1:1
# text = A watch or timer that can be started and stopped by pressing a button, to measure exactly how long something takes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	timer	timer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	measure	measure	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
18	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
20	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
21	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	22	nsubj	_	_
22	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | can · passive |  | a watch or timer |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: that=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stop** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **press** | gerund |  | a button |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |
| 4 | **measure** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | present | something |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach timed my sprint with a stopwatch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x1:1
# text = The coach timed my sprint with a stopwatch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	timed	time	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sprint	sprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stopwatch	stopwatch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **time** | past | the coach | my sprint |  |  |  | with a stopwatch | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sprint=Theme |
| 2 | **sprint** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom sprint «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Start the stopwatch when the ball is dropped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x2:1
# text = Start the stopwatch when the ball is dropped.
1	Start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stopwatch	stopwatch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | imperative | you *not said here* | the stopwatch |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stopwatch=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drop** | present · passive |  | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stopwatch showed 12.45 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x3:1
# text = The stopwatch showed 12.45 seconds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stopwatch	stopwatch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12.45	12.45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the stopwatch |  |  |  | second |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ali ran in 9.8 seconds and Ben in 10.3, so Ali was 0.5 seconds faster.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x4:1
# text = Ali ran in 9.8 seconds and Ben in 10.3, so Ali was 0.5 seconds faster.
1	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	9.8	9.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	10.3	10.3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	0.5	0.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | Ali |  |  | 10.3 | second |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 10.3=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | past | Ali |  |  |  | second | fast *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most phones have a stopwatch app.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x5:1
# text = Most phones have a stopwatch app.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stopwatch	stopwatch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Most phones | a stopwatch app |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repeat the timing three times and find the average.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stopwatch:x6:1
# text = Repeat the timing three times and find the average.
1	Repeat	repeat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	timing	timing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | imperative | you *not said here* | the timing |  |  | time |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent timing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the average |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent average=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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