---
title: stoutly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stoutly» in the school dictionary: Stoutly means bravely, firmly and strongly, without giving in. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stoutly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Toad, soldiers, She, He, team, little dog · **What happens:** mean, give in, build, make, deny, take · **To what, where:** car, castle, gate · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stoutly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stoutly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stoutly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stoutly means bravely, firmly and strongly, without giving in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:m1:1
# text = Stoutly means bravely, firmly and strongly, without giving in.
1	Stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | bravely, firmly, stoutly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give in** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stoutly built means made strong and thick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:m2:1
# text = Stoutly built means made strong and thick.
1	Stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | stoutly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad stoutly denied that he had taken the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x1:1
# text = Toad stoutly denied that he had taken the car.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** | past | Toad |  |  |  |  | stoutly *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect | Toad | the car |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers stoutly defended the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x2:1
# text = The soldiers stoutly defended the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	defended	defend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | past | the soldiers | the castle |  |  |  | stoutly *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gate was stoutly made of oak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x3:1
# text = The gate was stoutly made of oak.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the gate |  |  |  | of oak; stoutly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stoutly refused to give up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x4:1
# text = She stoutly refused to give up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | She |  |  |  |  | stoutly *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give up** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stoutly believed his team would win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x5:1
# text = He stoutly believed his team would win.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | He |  |  |  |  | stoutly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **win** | would | his team |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little dog barked stoutly at the fox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x6:1
# text = The little dog barked stoutly at the fox.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | past | the little dog |  |  |  |  | at the fox; stoutly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at fox=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But still they kept trudging stoutly forward, and talking as they went.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stoutly:x7:1
# text = But still they kept trudging stoutly forward, and talking as they went.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	trudging	trudge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	stoutly	stoutly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	nsubj	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | they |  |  |  | still |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trudge** | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forward, stoutly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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