---
title: strangulation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «strangulation» in the school dictionary: Killing or hurting someone by squeezing their neck so they cannot breathe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# strangulation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, blood, Blind cords, label, you, doctor · **What happens:** kill, hurt, squeeze, not breathe, not flow, stop · **To what, where:** someone, neck, something, air, it, strangulation hazard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«strangulation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [strangulation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/strangulation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Killing or hurting someone by squeezing their neck so they cannot breathe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:m1:1
# text = Killing or hurting someone by squeezing their neck so they cannot breathe.
1	Killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	hurting	hurt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	squeezing	squeeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **hurt** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient |
| 3 | **squeeze** | gerund |  | their neck |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **breathe** | can | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When something is squeezed so tightly that blood or air cannot flow through it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:m2:1
# text = When something is squeezed so tightly that blood or air cannot flow through it.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  | tightly *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **flow** | can | blood or air |  |  | air |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stopping something from growing or working, as if choking it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:m3:1
# text = Stopping something from growing or working, as if choking it.
1	Stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	choking	choke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **choke** *a condition, not said to happen* | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blind cords can be a strangulation hazard for small children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x1:1
# text = Blind cords can be a strangulation hazard for small children.
1	Blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strangulation	strangulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Blind cords | a strangulation hazard |  |  |  | for small children | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The label warned of a risk of strangulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x2:1
# text = The label warned of a risk of strangulation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	strangulation	strangulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | the label |  |  |  |  | of a risk of strangulation | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of risk=Topic |
| 2 | **risk** |  |  | strangulation |  |  |  |  | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep long cords and ropes away from babies to prevent strangulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x3:1
# text = Keep long cords and ropes away from babies to prevent strangulation.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	strangulation	strangulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | long cords and ropes |  | babies |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer cord=Beneficiary from baby=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | strangulation |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer strangulation=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the hernia could cause strangulation of the gut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x4:1
# text = The doctor said the hernia could cause strangulation of the gut.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hernia	hernia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	strangulation	strangulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	gut	gut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | could | the hernia | strangulation of the gut |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition strangulation=Patient |
| 3 | **strangulate** |  |  | the gut |  |  |  |  | nom strangulation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old story, the vine slowly strangled the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x5:1
# text = In the old story, the vine slowly strangled the tree.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	strangled	strangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strangle** | past | the vine | the tree |  | the old story |  | slowly *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The new tax caused the slow strangulation of small shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strangulation:x6:1
# text = (formal) The new tax caused the slow strangulation of small shops.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	strangulation	strangulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | formal | the slow strangulation of small shops |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition strangulation=Patient |
| 2 | **strangulate** |  |  | small shops |  |  |  |  | nom strangulation «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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