---
title: stratosphere — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stratosphere» in the school dictionary: The stratosphere is the layer of air above the lowest layer of the atmosphere, roughly between ten and fifty kilometres above the ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stratosphere

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stratosphere, ozone layer, Weather balloons, Jet planes, clouds, air · **What happens:** be, mean, exemplify, rise, fly, hit · **To what, where:** layer, high level, prices, stratosphere, bottom, song

<!-- .vabout -->
«stratosphere» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stratosphere in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stratosphere.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stratosphere is the layer of air above the lowest layer of the atmosphere, roughly between ten and fifty kilometres above the ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:m1:1
# text = The stratosphere is the layer of air above the lowest layer of the atmosphere, roughly between ten and fifty kilometres above the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
17	between	between	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	conj	_	_
21	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	appos	_	_
22	above	above	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the stratosphere | the layer |  |  |  | of air above the lowest layer of the atmosphere | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stratosphere means a very high level, far above ordinary things, for example of prices or fame.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:m2:1
# text = The stratosphere means a very high level, far above ordinary things, for example of prices or fame.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
10	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fame	fame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the stratosphere | a high level |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Topic |
| 2 | **exemplify** |  |  | prices or fame |  |  |  |  | nom example «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x1:1
# text = The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ozone	ozone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the ozone layer |  |  | the stratosphere |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Weather balloons can rise into the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x2:1
# text = Weather balloons can rise into the stratosphere.
1	Weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	balloons	balloon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | can | Weather balloons |  |  | the stratosphere |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into stratosphere=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jet planes fly near the bottom of the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x3:1
# text = Jet planes fly near the bottom of the stratosphere.
1	Jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Jet planes |  |  | the bottom of the stratosphere |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near bottom=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are almost no clouds in the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x4:1
# text = There are almost no clouds in the stratosphere.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | no clouds |  |  | the stratosphere; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in stratosphere=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The air in the stratosphere is very thin and cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x5:1
# text = The air in the stratosphere is very thin and cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the air in the stratosphere |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the air in the stratosphere *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After her hit song, her fame shot into the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x6:1
# text = After her hit song, her fame shot into the stratosphere.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fame	fame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | her *= she* | song |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme song=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | her fame |  |  | the stratosphere |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into stratosphere=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
House prices have gone into the stratosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stratosphere:x7:1
# text = House prices have gone into the stratosphere.
1	House	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stratosphere	stratosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present · perfect | House prices |  |  | the stratosphere |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into stratosphere=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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