---
title: strenuous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «strenuous» in the school dictionary: Strenuous means needing a lot of effort, energy or strength: a strenuous climb. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# strenuous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Strenuous, strenuous efforts, you, mountain, Volunteers, Moving · **What happens:** mean, need, describe, save, climb up, be · **To what, where:** lot, determined effort, forest, strenuous exercise, we, strenuous efforts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«strenuous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [strenuous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/strenuous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strenuous means needing a lot of effort, energy or strength: a strenuous climb.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:m1:1
# text = Strenuous means needing a lot of effort, energy or strength: a strenuous climb.
1	Strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	needing	need	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	climb	climb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Strenuous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **need** *not said to happen* | gerund | Strenuous *not said here* | a lot of effort and energy or strength |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strenuous can describe very determined effort: strenuous efforts to save the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:m2:1
# text = Strenuous can describe very determined effort: strenuous efforts to save the forest.
1	Strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	determined	determined	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | determined effort |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent effort=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | strenuous efforts | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climb up the mountain was strenuous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x1:1
# text = The climb up the mountain was strenuous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climb	climb	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the mountain |  |  |  |  | strenuous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Avoid strenuous exercise after a big meal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x2:1
# text = Avoid strenuous exercise after a big meal.
1	Avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | imperative | you *not said here* | strenuous exercise |  |  | after a big meal |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent exercise=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the strenuous match, we were exhausted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x3:1
# text = After the strenuous match, we were exhausted.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | past · passive |  | we |  |  | after the strenuous match |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volunteers made strenuous efforts to clean the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x4:1
# text = Volunteers made strenuous efforts to clean the beach.
1	Volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	clean	clean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Volunteers | strenuous efforts |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset effort=Product |
| 2 | **clean** | to-infinitive | Volunteers *not said here* | the beach |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent beach=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving house is strenuous work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x5:1
# text = Moving house is strenuous work.
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  | house |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent house=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Moving | strenuous work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said no strenuous activity for a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:strenuous:x6:1
# text = The doctor said no strenuous activity for a week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor | no strenuous activity |  |  | week |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent activity=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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