---
title: stubble — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stubble» in the school dictionary: Stubble is the short, rough hairs that grow on a man's face when he has not shaved for a day or a few days. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stubble

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stubble, short rough hairs, man, he, field, detective · **What happens:** be, grow, not shave, stand, cut, kiss · **To what, where:** short rough hairs, face, field, me, stubble, chin

<!-- .vabout -->
«stubble» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stubble in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stubble.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stubble is the short, rough hairs that grow on a man's face when he has not shaved for a day or a few days.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:m1:1
# text = Stubble is the short, rough hairs that grow on a man's face when he has not shaved for a day or a few days.
1	Stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	shaved	shave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Stubble | the short rough hairs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the short rough hairs |  |  | a man's face |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on face=Location |
| 3 | **not** **shave** | present · perfect | man |  |  |  | day |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stubble is the short, stiff stalks left standing in a field after a crop like wheat has been cut.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:m2:1
# text = Stubble is the short, stiff stalks left standing in a field after a crop like wheat has been cut.
1	Stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stalks	stalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Stubble |  |  |  |  | leave *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  | a field | after a crop like wheat |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location |
| 3 | **cut** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's stubble is scratchy when he kisses me goodnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x1:1
# text = Dad's stubble is scratchy when he kisses me goodnight.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	scratchy	scratchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	kisses	kiss	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	goodnight	goodnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad's stubble |  |  |  |  | scratchy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **kiss** | present | he | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the harvest, the field was full of golden stubble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x2:1
# text = After the harvest, the field was full of golden stubble.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the field |  |  |  | after the harvest | of golden stubble; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective rubbed the stubble on his chin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x3:1
# text = The detective rubbed the stubble on his chin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | the detective | the stubble |  | detective's chin |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stubble=Theme on chin=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some men keep a little stubble on purpose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x4:1
# text = Some men keep a little stubble on purpose.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | some men | a little stubble |  | purpose |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stubble=Theme on purpose=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked carefully across the stubble in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x5:1
# text = We walked carefully across the stubble in the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the stubble |  | in the field; carefully *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across stubble=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds were pecking for seeds among the stubble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x6:1
# text = Birds were pecking for seeds among the stubble.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	pecking	peck	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peck** | past · progressive | Birds |  |  | the stubble |  | for seeds | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent among stubble=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa had stubble after the camping trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x7:1
# text = Grandpa had stubble after the camping trip.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	camping	camping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Grandpa | stubble |  |  | after the camping trip |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stubble=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the corn had been gone a long time; only the dry, bare stubble was left standing in the frozen ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubble:x8:1
# text = But the corn had been gone a long time; only the dry, bare stubble was left standing in the frozen ground.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
19	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	xcomp	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect · passive |  | the corn |  |  | time |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the dry bare stubble |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | the dry bare stubble *not said here* |  |  | the frozen ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location |
| 4 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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