---
title: stubborn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stubborn» in the school dictionary: Not willing to change your mind or do what others want, even when you should. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stubborn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** others, your, little brother, stubborn donkey, stubborn stain, She · **What happens:** change, do, want, mind, remove, move · **To what, where:** mind, puzzle, stubborn cough, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stubborn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stubborn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stubborn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not willing to change your mind or do what others want, even when you should.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:m1:1
# text = Not willing to change your mind or do what others want, even when you should.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	willing	willing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	2	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | your mind |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **want** | present | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |
| 4 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard to remove, move or deal with: a stubborn stain, a stubborn cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:m2:1
# text = Hard to remove, move or deal with: a stubborn stain, a stubborn cold.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	deal	deal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stain	stain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **move** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **deal** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother is too stubborn to say sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x1:1
# text = My little brother is too stubborn to say sorry.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
9	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My little brother |  |  |  |  | stubborn *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stubborn donkey would not move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x2:1
# text = The stubborn donkey would not move.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **move** | would | the stubborn donkey |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This stubborn stain won't wash out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x3:1
# text = This stubborn stain won't wash out.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stain	stain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	wash	wash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **wash out** | future | this stubborn stain |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was stubborn and kept trying until she solved the puzzle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x4:1
# text = She was stubborn and kept trying until she solved the puzzle.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	solved	solve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | stubborn *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **solve** | past | she | the puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have had a stubborn cough all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x5:1
# text = I have had a stubborn cough all week.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | I | a stubborn cough |  |  | week |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cough=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be so stubborn — just try it!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x6:1
# text = Don't be so stubborn — just try it!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | stubborn *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Pinocchio was as stubborn as ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubborn:x7:1
# text = But Pinocchio was as stubborn as ever.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Pinocchio	Pinocchio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Pinocchio |  |  |  |  | stubborn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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