---
title: stubbornly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stubbornly» in the school dictionary: In a way that refuses to change your mind or do what others want. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/stubbornly/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / stubbornly

# stubbornly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, others, your, stain, He, donkey · **What happens:** refuse, not change, do, want, mind, be · **To what, where:** mind, peas, road, nothing, shirt, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stubbornly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stubbornly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stubbornly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a way that refuses to change your mind or do what others want.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:m1:1
# text = In a way that refuses to change your mind or do what others want.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	refuses	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | present | a way |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **change** | to-infinitive | a way *not said here* | your mind |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **want** | present | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |
| 5 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of things: in a way that is hard to move, change or get rid of: a stain stubbornly stays.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:m2:1
# text = Of things: in a way that is hard to move, change or get rid of: a stain stubbornly stays.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
16	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stain	stain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
22	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **change** | infinitive | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **get** | infinitive | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | rid *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **stay** | present | a stain |  |  |  |  | of things | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stubbornly refused to eat his peas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x1:1
# text = He stubbornly refused to eat his peas.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	peas	pea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | He |  |  |  |  | stubbornly *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his peas |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pea=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The donkey stubbornly sat down in the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x2:1
# text = The donkey stubbornly sat down in the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | the donkey |  |  | the road |  | stubbornly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in road=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad stubbornly promised nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x3:1
# text = Toad stubbornly promised nothing.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Toad | nothing |  |  |  | stubbornly *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stain stubbornly stayed on my shirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x4:1
# text = The stain stubbornly stayed on my shirt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stain	stain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the stain |  |  | my shirt |  | stubbornly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on shirt=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stubbornly kept trying until the puzzle was done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x5:1
# text = She stubbornly kept trying until the puzzle was done.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | She |  |  |  |  | stubbornly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | the puzzle |  |  |  |  | done *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jar lid was stubbornly stuck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x6:1
# text = The jar lid was stubbornly stuck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the jar lid |  |  |  |  | stubbornly, stuck *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Nevertheless,” said Conn stubbornly, “I do not wish to banish my son; it is awkward and unnecessary.”

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stubbornly:x7:1
# text = “Nevertheless,” said Conn stubbornly, “I do not wish to banish my son; it is awkward and unnecessary.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Conn	Conn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
7	stubbornly	stubbornly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	wish	wish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	banish	banish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	awkward	awkward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Conn |  |  |  |  | nevertheless, stubbornly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **wish** *in a quote* | present · do-support | Conn |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **banish** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | Conn *not said here* | my son |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Theme |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | awkward *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** *in a quote* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [stubborn](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/stubborn/)
- next →: [stubbornness](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/stubbornness/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)