---
title: studied — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «studied» in the school dictionary: Studied is the past of study: learned about something, read or practised to learn it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# studied

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, She, her, detective, He, Scientists · **What happens:** study, be, learn, read, practise, look · **To what, where:** Studied past, study, purpose, water cycle, footprints, map

<!-- .vabout -->
«studied» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [studied in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/studied.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Studied is the past of study: learned about something, read or practised to learn it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:m1:1
# text = Studied is the past of study: learned about something, read or practised to learn it.
1	Studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	practised	practise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Studied past |  |  |  | of study | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | about something | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |
| 4 | **read** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **practise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **learn** | to-infinitive |  | study |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Studied can mean looked at something carefully for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:m2:1
# text = Studied can mean looked at something carefully for a long time.
1	Studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | can · passive |  |  |  |  | time | at something | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: at something=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a rare adjective, studied means done on purpose and carefully planned, not natural.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:m3:1
# text = As a rare adjective, studied means done on purpose and carefully planned, not natural.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a rare adjective | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  | purpose |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We studied the water cycle last term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x1:1
# text = We studied the water cycle last term.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | We | the water cycle |  |  |  | last term *obl:unmarked* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She studied hard for her spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x2:1
# text = She studied hard for her spelling test.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | She |  |  |  |  | for her spelling test; hard *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute |
| 2 | **test** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective studied the footprints.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x3:1
# text = The detective studied the footprints.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | the detective | the footprints |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footprint=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He studied the map before the hike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x4:1
# text = He studied the map before the hike.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hike	hike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | He | the map |  |  | before the hike |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists have studied whales for many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x5:1
# text = Scientists have studied whales for many years.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · perfect | Scientists | whales |  |  | year |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I studied the menu but couldn't choose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x6:1
# text = I studied the menu but couldn't choose.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	menu	menu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | I | the menu |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menu=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **choose** | could | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Have you studied your times tables?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x7:1
# text = Have you studied your times tables?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · perfect | you | your times tables |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the evening the Marionette studied by lamplight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:studied:x8:1
# text = In the evening the Marionette studied by lamplight.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Marionette	Marionette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lamplight	lamplight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | the Marionette |  |  |  | evening | by lamplight | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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