---
title: study — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «study» in the school dictionary: To study is to spend time learning about something, by reading, practising and thinking. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# study

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** time, study, Studies, painting, I, my · **What happens:** study, be, learn, read, practise, think · **To what, where:** something, it, piece, facts, quiet room, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«study» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [study in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/study.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To study is to spend time learning about something, by reading, practising and thinking.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m1:1
# text = To study is to spend time learning about something, by reading, practising and thinking.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | time | spend *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | gerund | time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about something | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |
| 4 | **read** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **practise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To study something is to look at it very carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m2:1
# text = To study something is to look at it very carefully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | it |  | carefully, look *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A study is a piece of research to find out facts, like a scientific study.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m3:1
# text = A study is a piece of research to find out facts, like a scientific study.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a study | a piece |  |  |  | of research | tree rules |
| 2 | **find out** | to-infinitive |  | facts and a scientific study |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A study is a quiet room in a house for reading, writing or working.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m4:1
# text = A study is a quiet room in a house for reading, writing or working.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a study | a quiet room |  | a house for reading |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Studies» can mean school subjects, like «social studies».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m5:1
# text = «Studies» can mean school subjects, like «social studies».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Studies | school subjects |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A study can also be a quick drawing or painting made to prepare for a finished picture.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:m6:1
# text = A study can also be a quick drawing or painting made to prepare for a finished picture.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a study | painting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | painting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **prepare** | to-infinitive | painting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a finished picture | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for picture=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **finish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I need to study for my maths test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x1:1
# text = I need to study for my maths test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **study** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for my maths test | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute |
| 3 | **test** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are studying the life cycle of a frog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x2:1
# text = We are studying the life cycle of a frog.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · progressive | We | the life cycle of a frog |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Study the picture and find five differences.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x3:1
# text = Study the picture and find five differences.
1	Study	study	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	differences	difference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | imperative | you *not said here* | the picture |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | you *not said here* | five differences |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difference=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A new study shows that sleep helps memory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x4:1
# text = A new study shows that sleep helps memory.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a new study |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | that sleep | memory |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad works from home in his study.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x5:1
# text = Dad works from home in his study.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Dad |  |  | home |  | in Dad's study | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in study=Theme |
| 2 | **study** |  | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Social studies is my favourite subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x6:1
# text = Social studies is my favourite subject.
1	Social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Social studies | my favourite subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She studies the piano every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x7:1
# text = She studies the piano every day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | She | the piano |  |  | day |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a study for a painter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:study:x8:1
# text = It was a study for a painter.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	painter	painter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a study |  |  |  | for a painter | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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