---
title: stuffy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stuffy» in the school dictionary: A stuffy room has warm, stale air with not enough fresh air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stuffy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stuffy room, stuffy person, you, window, I, bus · **What happens:** have, block, be, breathe, not like, open · **To what, where:** warm stale air, stuffy nose, nose, fun, window, cold · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stuffy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stuffy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stuffy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stuffy room has warm, stale air with not enough fresh air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:m1:1
# text = A stuffy room has warm, stale air with not enough fresh air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	stale	stale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a stuffy room | warm stale air |  |  |  | with enough fresh air | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stuffy nose is blocked, so it is hard to breathe through it, often because of a cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:m2:1
# text = A stuffy nose is blocked, so it is hard to breathe through it, often because of a cold.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
17	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | present · passive |  | a stuffy nose |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | nose |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stuffy person is old-fashioned, formal and boring, and does not like fun or change.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:m3:1
# text = A stuffy person is old-fashioned, formal and boring, and does not like fun or change.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	like	like	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a stuffy person |  |  |  |  | fashioned *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a stuffy person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a stuffy person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **like** | present · do-support |  | fun or change |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fun=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open the window — it's stuffy in here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x1:1
# text = Open the window — it's stuffy in here.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | the window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | window |  |  |  |  | stuffy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a cold and a stuffy nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x2:1
# text = I have a cold and a stuffy nose.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a cold and a stuffy nose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus was hot and stuffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x3:1
# text = The bus was hot and stuffy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the bus |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the bus *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stuffy air made everyone yawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x4:1
# text = The stuffy air made everyone yawn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	yawn	yawn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | the stuffy air *not said here* | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Product |
| 2 | **yawn** | infinitive | the stuffy air |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad says the club is too stuffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x5:1
# text = My grandad says the club is too stuffy.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the club |  |  |  |  | stuffy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Steam can help a stuffy nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x6:1
# text = Steam can help a stuffy nose.
1	Steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | Steam | a stuffy nose |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attic was dark and stuffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stuffy:x7:1
# text = The attic was dark and stuffy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attic	attic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the attic |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the attic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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