---
title: stump — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stump» in the school dictionary: A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stump

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stump, stumps, three upright sticks, they, We, you · **What happens:** be, leave, cut down, wear, cut, make · **To what, where:** short part, tree trunk, ground, tree, three upright sticks, cricket

<!-- .vabout -->
«stump» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stump in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stump.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:m1:1
# text = A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stump | the short part |  |  |  | of a tree trunk | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a tree trunk *not said here* |  |  |  | in the ground *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ground=Result |
| 3 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:m2:1
# text = A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
10	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stump | the short part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | the short part *not said here* |  |  |  | of something | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of something=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:m3:1
# text = In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wicket	wicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the stumps | the three upright sticks |  | cricket |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | the three upright sticks | the wicket |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wicket=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:m4:1
# text = To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stump	stump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | ask *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **answer** *speech: assert* | can | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:m5:1
# text = To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stump	stump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	stamping	stamp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with heavy stamping steps; walk *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stamp** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x1:1
# text = We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a old tree stump |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stump=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | lunch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x2:1
# text = Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rings |  | the stump |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the tree's age |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x3:1
# text = The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | participle |  | the ball *not said here* |  | the stumps |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over stump=Location |
| 2 | **be out** | past | the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That riddle stumped everyone in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x4:1
# text = That riddle stumped everyone in the class.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	riddle	riddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stumped	stump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | past | that riddle | everyone |  | the class |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm stumped — I have no idea!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x5:1
# text = I'm stumped — I have no idea!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stumped	stump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | no idea |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x6:1
# text = He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stumped	stump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump up** | past | He | the stairs |  | a bad mood |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus stair=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My pencil is just a stump now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x7:1
# text = My pencil is just a stump now.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My pencil | a stump |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He came to the charred stumps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stump:x8:1
# text = He came to the charred stumps.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	charred	char	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | He |  |  | the charred stumps |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to stump=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **char** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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