---
title: stumpy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stumpy» in the school dictionary: Stumpy means short and thick, like a tree stump. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stumpy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stumpy, stumpy tail, puppy, Corgis, I, lizard · **What happens:** mean, be, have, write, lose, burn · **To what, where:** stumpy little legs, dogs, good one, fat stumpy tail, stumpy candle, table

<!-- .vabout -->
«stumpy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stumpy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stumpy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stumpy means short and thick, like a tree stump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:m1:1
# text = Stumpy means short and thick, like a tree stump.
1	Stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Stumpy |  |  |  |  | short *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stumpy tail or leg is short and thick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:m2:1
# text = A stumpy tail or leg is short and thick.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a stumpy tail or leg |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a stumpy tail or leg *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy had stumpy little legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x1:1
# text = The puppy had stumpy little legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the puppy | stumpy little legs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Corgis are dogs with stumpy legs and long bodies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x2:1
# text = Corgis are dogs with stumpy legs and long bodies.
1	Corgis	corgi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Corgis | dogs |  |  |  | with stumpy legs and long bodies | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I wrote with a stumpy pencil because I lost my good one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x3:1
# text = I wrote with a stumpy pencil because I lost my good one.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | I |  |  |  |  | with a stumpy pencil | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lose** | past | I | my good one |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lizard has a fat, stumpy tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x4:1
# text = The lizard has a fat, stumpy tail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the lizard | a fat stumpy tail |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stumpy candle burned on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x5:1
# text = A stumpy candle burned on the table.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | participle |  | a stumpy candle *not said here* |  | the table |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on table=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old tree was cut down to a stumpy trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x6:1
# text = The old tree was cut down to a stumpy trunk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | past · passive |  | the old tree |  |  |  | to a stumpy trunk *result* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to trunk=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stumpy-tailed cat ran across the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stumpy:x7:1
# text = The stumpy-tailed cat ran across the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	stumpy	stumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	tailed	tail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run** | past | the tailed cat |  |  | the garden |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across garden=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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