---
title: stun — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stun» in the school dictionary: To hit or shock a person or animal so they are dizzy or knocked out for a short time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stun

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, they, Stunning, bird, Electric eels, team · **What happens:** hit, shock, be, knock out, surprise, not think · **To what, where:** person, someone, adjective, window, fish, We · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stun» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stun in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stun.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hit or shock a person or animal so they are dizzy or knocked out for a short time.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:m1:1
# text = To hit or shock a person or animal so they are dizzy or knocked out for a short time.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	shock	shock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shock** | infinitive |  | a person or animal |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | person |  |  |  |  | dizzy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **knock out** | participle | person *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surprise or shock someone so much that they cannot think or speak for a moment.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:m2:1
# text = To surprise or shock someone so much that they cannot think or speak for a moment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surprise	surprise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	shock	shock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **shock** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **think** *speech: other* | can | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  | moment |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stunning (adjective) means extremely beautiful or impressive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:m3:1
# text = Stunning (adjective) means extremely beautiful or impressive.
1	Stunning	stun	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	impressive	impressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stun** | gerund |  | adjective |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus adjective=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Stunning |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird hit the window and was stunned for a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x1:1
# text = The bird hit the window and was stunned for a minute.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	stunned	stun	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | the bird | the window |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme window=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **stun** | past · passive | the bird *not said here* |  |  |  | minute |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electric eels can stun fish with a shock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x2:1
# text = Electric eels can stun fish with a shock.
1	Electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	eels	eel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stun	stun	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stun** | can | Electric eels | fish |  |  |  | with a shock | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were stunned when our team won the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x3:1
# text = We were stunned when our team won the cup.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stunned	stun	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stun** | past · passive |  | We |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **win** | past | our team | the cup |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a stunned silence after the news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x4:1
# text = There was a stunned silence after the news.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	stunned	stun	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a stunned silence |  |  | there | after the news |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stun** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The view from the mountain was stunning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x5:1
# text = The view from the mountain was stunning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stunning	stun	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stun** | past · progressive | the view from the mountain |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news of the fire stunned the whole town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stun:x6:1
# text = The news of the fire stunned the whole town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	stunned	stun	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stun** | past | the news of the fire | the whole town |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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