---
title: stung — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stung» in the school dictionary: Hurt by an insect, plant or animal that pushes a sharp point or poison into the skin: stung by a bee, a wasp, a nettle or a jellyfish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stung

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** animal, soap, unkind words, her, wasp, bee · **What happens:** hurt, push, sting, feel, burn, comment · **To what, where:** sharp point, skin, sharp burning pain, eyes, Upset, feelings

<!-- .vabout -->
«stung» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stung in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stung.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurt by an insect, plant or animal that pushes a sharp point or poison into the skin: stung by a bee, a wasp, a nettle or a jellyfish.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:m1:1
# text = Hurt by an insect, plant or animal that pushes a sharp point or poison into the skin: stung by a bee, a wasp, a nettle or a jellyfish.
1	Hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	wasp	wasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	nettle	nettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a insect and plant or animal | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **push** | present | animal | a sharp point or poison |  | the skin |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent point=Theme into skin=Destination |
| 3 | **sting** | participle |  | the skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Felt a sharp, burning pain: the soap stung my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:m2:1
# text = Felt a sharp, burning pain: the soap stung my eyes.
1	Felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past |  | a sharp burning pain |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sting** | past | the soap | my eyes |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upset or hurt in your feelings by unkind words: stung by her comment.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:m3:1
# text = Upset or hurt in your feelings by unkind words: stung by her comment.
1	Upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	comment	comment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | participle · passive | unkind words | Upset |  | your feelings |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sting** | participle |  | unkind words *not said here* |  |  |  | by her comment | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **comment** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom comment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was stung by a wasp at the picnic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x1:1
# text = I was stung by a wasp at the picnic.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wasp	wasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past · passive | a wasp at the picnic | I |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bee stung her on the arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x2:1
# text = The bee stung her on the arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past | the bee | her *= she* |  |  |  | on the arm | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent she=Experiencer on arm=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My legs were stung by nettles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x3:1
# text = My legs were stung by nettles.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nettles	nettle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past · passive | nettles | My legs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shampoo stung my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x4:1
# text = The shampoo stung my eyes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past | the shampoo | my eyes |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was stung by a jellyfish at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x5:1
# text = He was stung by a jellyfish at the beach.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past · passive | a jellyfish | He |  | the beach |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt stung by the unkind joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x6:1
# text = She felt stung by the unkind joke.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past · passive | the unkind joke | She |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay calm and still if a bee buzzes near you so you don't get stung.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x7:1
# text = Stay calm and still if a bee buzzes near you so you don't get stung.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	buzzes	buzz	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **buzz** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a bee |  |  |  |  | near you | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near you=Location |
| 3 | **not** **sting** | present · passive · do-support |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After being stung, put something cold on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x8:1
# text = After being stung, put something cold on it.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | gerund · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 2 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  | it |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme on it=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A BOY was stung by a Nettle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stung:x9:1
# text = A BOY was stung by a Nettle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	BOY	BOY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stung	sting	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Nettle	nettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past · passive | a Nettle | a BOY |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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