---
title: subject — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «subject» in the school dictionary: Something you learn at school, such as maths, English or science. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# subject

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, subject, thing, dog, verb · **What happens:** learn, be, do, bark, act, rule · **To what, where:** Something, school, person, grammar, action, subject · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«subject» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [subject in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/subject.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something you learn at school, such as maths, English or science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m1:1
# text = Something you learn at school, such as maths, English or science.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | you | Something |  | school and maths |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What something is about.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m2:1
# text = What something is about.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | something |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"the subject of the story" or the topic of a talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m2e:1
# text = "the subject of the story" or the topic of a talk.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In grammar, the subject is the person or thing that does the action of the verb: in "The dog barks", "the dog" is the subject.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m3:1
# text = In grammar, the subject is the person or thing that does the action of the verb: in "The dog barks", "the dog" is the subject.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	barks	bark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
26	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the subject | the person or thing |  | grammar |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | thing | the action of the verb |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality |
| 3 | **bark** *in a quote* | present | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the dog | the subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **act** |  | the verb |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person ruled by a king or queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m4:1
# text = A person ruled by a king or queen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  | by a king or queen | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Subject to" means likely to be affected by, or depending on.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m5:1
# text = "Subject to" means likely to be affected by, or depending on.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	depending	depend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	ccomp	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Subject |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **affect** | to-infinitive · passive | Subject *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 3 | **depend on** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"subject to change".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:m5e:1
# text = "subject to change".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite subject is art.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x1:1
# text = My favourite subject is art.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My favourite subject | art |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's change the subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x2:1
# text = Let's change the subject.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | infinitive | 's *not said here* | the subject |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In "Tom kicked the ball", Tom is the subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x3:1
# text = In "Tom kicked the ball", Tom is the subject.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kicked	kick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick** *in a quote* | past | Tom | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ball=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Tom | the subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The subject of the poem is the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x4:1
# text = The subject of the poem is the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the subject of the poem | the sea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king spoke to his subjects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x5:1
# text = The king spoke to his subjects.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the king |  |  |  |  | to king's subjects | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to subject=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a clear subject line in your email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x6:1
# text = Write a clear subject line in your email.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a clear subject line |  | your email |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent line=Theme in email=Destination |
| 2 | **email** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom email «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Times are subject to change because of the weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x7:1
# text = Times are subject to change because of the weather.
1	Times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	subject	subject	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Times |  |  |  |  | subject *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | Times *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because the weather | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There dwell the Sea King and his subjects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subject:x8:1
# text = There dwell the Sea King and his subjects.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present |  | the Sea King and his subjects |  | there |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme king=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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