---
title: subordination — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «subordination» in the school dictionary: Subordination is being under someone else's control or authority, or putting someone or something in a lower, less important place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# subordination

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Subordination, control, Using, our, word, strict subordination · **What happens:** be, put, join, make, use, sentence · **To what, where:** control, someone, lower important place, important clause, complex sentence, subordination · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«subordination» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [subordination in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/subordination.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subordination is being under someone else's control or authority, or putting someone or something in a lower, less important place.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:m1:1
# text = Subordination is being under someone else's control or authority, or putting someone or something in a lower, less important place.
1	Subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
8	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
19	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
22	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Subordination |  |  | someone's control or authority |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | someone's control or authority *not said here* | someone |  | a lower important place |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent someone=Theme in place=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subordination is joining a less important clause to a main clause with a word such as because, although, when or if, making a complex sentence.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:m2:1
# text = Subordination is joining a less important clause to a main clause with a word such as because, although, when or if, making a complex sentence.
1	Subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	clause	clause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	clause	clause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	complex	complex	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · progressive | Subordination | a important clause |  |  |  | to a main clause with a word | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent clause=Patient to clause=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Subordination *not said here* | a complex sentence |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sentence=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using subordination makes our sentences longer and more interesting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x1:1
# text = Using subordination makes our sentences longer and more interesting.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | subordination |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subordination=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Using | our sentences |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sentence=Product |
| 3 | **sentence** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Although» is a word that shows subordination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x2:1
# text = «Although» is a word that shows subordination.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | a word | subordination |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subordination=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the army there is strict subordination of soldiers to officers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x3:1
# text = In the army there is strict subordination of soldiers to officers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | strict subordination of soldiers to officers |  |  | the army; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in army=Location |
| 2 | **subordinate** |  |  | soldiers to officers |  |  |  |  | nom subordination «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher marked my sentences for subordination and coordination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x4:1
# text = The teacher marked my sentences for subordination and coordination.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	coordination	coordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | the teacher | my sentences |  |  |  | for subordination and coordination | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent sentence=Destination |
| 2 | **sentence** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«When the bell rang, we ran out» uses subordination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x5:1
# text = «When the bell rang, we ran out» uses subordination.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	csubj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** *in a quote* | past | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run out** *in a quote* | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | present |  | subordination |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subordination=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, women's subordination to men was written into the law in many countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subordination:x6:1
# text = In the old days, women's subordination to men was written into the law in many countries.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	subordination	subordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | women's subordination to men |  | the law | day | in many countries | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in country=Destination |
| 2 | **subordinate** |  | women |  |  |  |  | to men | nom subordination «state transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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