---
title: substantial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «substantial» in the school dictionary: Large in amount, size or importance. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# substantial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** formal, She, We, house, new playground, formal results · **What happens:** make, fill, be, win, amount, have · **To what, where:** substantial rise, number, substantial amount, money, substantial lunch, substantial difference

<!-- .vabout -->
«substantial» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [substantial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/substantial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Large in amount, size or importance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:m1:1
# text = Large in amount, size or importance.
1	Large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	importance	importance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong, solid and well made.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:m2:1
# text = Strong, solid and well made.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a meal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big and filling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:m3:1
# text = Big and filling.
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) There was a substantial rise in the number of visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x1:1
# text = (formal) There was a substantial rise in the number of visitors.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | formal | a substantial rise |  | the number of visitors |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won a substantial amount of money in the competition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x2:1
# text = She won a substantial amount of money in the competition.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | a substantial amount of money in the competition |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Eventuality |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | money in the competition |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a substantial lunch before the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x3:1
# text = We had a substantial lunch before the long walk.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a substantial lunch |  |  | before the long walk |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house is old but substantial and well built.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x4:1
# text = The house is old but substantial and well built.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the house |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the house *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **build** | participle | the house *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new playground made a substantial difference to the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x5:1
# text = The new playground made a substantial difference to the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the new playground | a substantial difference |  |  |  | to the school | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset difference=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The results show a substantial improvement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x6:1
# text = (formal) The results show a substantial improvement.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	improvement	improvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the formal results | a substantial improvement |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent improvement=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm caused substantial damage to the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x7:1
# text = The storm caused substantial damage to the roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the storm | substantial damage |  |  |  | to the roof | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The substantial truth of his statements has been confirmed by later criticism and inquiry.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:substantial:x8:1
# text = The substantial truth of his statements has been confirmed by later criticism and inquiry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	confirmed	confirm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confirm** | present · perfect · passive | later criticism and inquiry | the substantial truth of his statements |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic |
| 2 | **state** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom statement «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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