---
title: subtitle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «subtitle» in the school dictionary: Subtitles are words shown at the bottom of a film or TV screen to translate what people say or to write it down for people who cannot hear it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# subtitle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Subtitles, people, subtitle, article, We, you · **What happens:** be, show, translate, say, write down, not hear · **To what, where:** words, bottom, screen, second, more detail, book · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«subtitle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [subtitle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/subtitle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subtitles are words shown at the bottom of a film or TV screen to translate what people say or to write it down for people who cannot hear it.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:m1:1
# text = Subtitles are words shown at the bottom of a film or TV screen to translate what people say or to write it down for people who cannot hear it.
1	Subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	translate	translate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	obj	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
26	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
27	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl:relcl	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Subtitles | words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | words *not said here* |  | the bottom of a film or TV screen |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **translate** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 5 | **write down** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | screen |  |  |  | for people | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Result for people=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **not** **hear** | can | people | screen |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A subtitle is a second, smaller title of a book or article that gives more detail.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:m2:1
# text = A subtitle is a second, smaller title of a book or article that gives more detail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	subtitle	subtitle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	detail	detail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a subtitle | a second |  |  |  | smaller title of a book or article *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | article | more detail |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Theme |
| 3 | **title** |  |  | a book or article |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To subtitle a film is to add subtitles to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:m3:1
# text = To subtitle a film is to add subtitles to it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	subtitle	subtitle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subtitle** | to-infinitive |  | a film |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | film |  |  | add *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a Japanese cartoon with English subtitles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x1:1
# text = We watched a Japanese cartoon with English subtitles.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a Japanese cartoon |  |  |  | with English subtitles | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cartoon=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn on the subtitles so Grandad can follow the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x2:1
# text = Turn on the subtitles so Grandad can follow the film.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the subtitles |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on subtitle=Trajectory |
| 2 | **follow** | can | Grandad | the film |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading subtitles helps me learn French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x3:1
# text = Reading subtitles helps me learn French.
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | subtitles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subtitle=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | Reading | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** | infinitive | me *not said here* | French |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book's title is «Space» and its subtitle is «A Journey to the Stars».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x4:1
# text = The book's title is «Space» and its subtitle is «A Journey to the Stars».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	subtitle	subtitle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Journey	Journey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the book's title | Space and a Journey |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | title's subtitle | a Journey |  |  |  | to the Stars | tree rules |
| 3 | **title** |  | the book |  |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **subtitle** |  | title |  |  |  |  |  | nom subtitle «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film was subtitled in twelve languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x5:1
# text = The film was subtitled in twelve languages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	subtitled	subtitle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subtitle** | past · passive |  | the film |  | twelve languages |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The subtitles were too fast for my little sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x6:1
# text = The subtitles were too fast for my little sister.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	subtitles	subtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the subtitles |  |  |  |  | for my little sister; fast *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a title and a subtitle for your science report.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:subtitle:x7:1
# text = Write a title and a subtitle for your science report.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	subtitle	subtitle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a title and a subtitle for your science report |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Theme |
| 2 | **report** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom report «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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