---
title: successor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «successor» in the school dictionary: A successor is a person who takes over a job, title or position after someone else leaves it, like the next king or the next head teacher. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# successor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** successor, person, someone, number, Charles, new game · **What happens:** be, take over, leave, come, replace, model · **To what, where:** person, job, successor, something, phone, number

<!-- .vabout -->
«successor» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [successor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/successor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A successor is a person who takes over a job, title or position after someone else leaves it, like the next king or the next head teacher.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:m1:1
# text = A successor is a person who takes over a job, title or position after someone else leaves it, like the next king or the next head teacher.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a successor | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take over** | present | a person | a job and title or position |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | present | someone | successor |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A successor is something that comes after and replaces something else, like a newer model of a phone.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:m2:1
# text = A successor is something that comes after and replaces something else, like a newer model of a phone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	after	after	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	replaces	replace	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	else	else	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	newer	new	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a successor | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present |  |  |  |  |  | after *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **replace** | present |  | something |  |  |  | like a newer model of a phone | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **model** |  |  | a phone |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The successor of a whole number is the number that comes right after it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:m3:1
# text = The successor of a whole number is the number that comes right after it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	right	right	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the successor of a whole number | the number |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | the number |  |  |  | after successor | right *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prince Charles was the successor to Queen Elizabeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x1:1
# text = Prince Charles was the successor to Queen Elizabeth.
1	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:desc	_	_
8	Elizabeth	Elizabeth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Charles  Prince | the successor | Elizabeth  Queen |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Bible) Joshua was chosen as the successor of Moses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x2:1
# text = (Bible) Joshua was chosen as the successor of Moses.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past · passive |  | Bible |  |  |  | as the successor of Moses | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher's successor starts next term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x3:1
# text = The head teacher's successor starts next term.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the head teacher's successor | next term |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent term=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new game is the successor to last year's hit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x4:1
# text = The new game is the successor to last year's hit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the new game | the successor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **last** | to-infinitive |  | year's hit |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme hit=Value |
| 3 | **hit** |  | year |  |  |  |  |  | nom hit «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(maths) The successor of 99 is 100.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x5:1
# text = (maths) The successor of 99 is 100.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	99	99	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the successor of 99 | 100 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king had no son, so there was no clear successor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x6:1
# text = The king had no son, so there was no clear successor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
11	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the king | no son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | no clear successor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a worthy successor to the old captain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x7:1
# text = She is a worthy successor to the old captain.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	worthy	worthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a worthy successor |  |  |  | to the old captain | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I shall feel that I have a worthy successor, and shall cheerfully retire from the fatigues of government."

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:successor:x8:1
# text = I shall feel that I have a worthy successor, and shall cheerfully retire from the fatigues of government."
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	worthy	worthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	cheerfully	cheerfully	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	retire	retire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fatigues	fatigue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | shall | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | a worthy successor |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent successor=Patient |
| 3 | **retire** | shall | I *not said here* |  |  | the fatigues of government |  | cheerfully *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from fatigue=Source |
| 4 | **fatigue** |  |  | government |  |  |  |  | nom fatigue «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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