---
title: suffering — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «suffering» in the school dictionary: Pain, sadness or difficulty that a person or animal feels. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# suffering

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, She, vet, old dog, He, Charities · **What happens:** feel, have, suffer, end, help, reduce · **To what, where:** pain, problem, cold, suffering, hay fever, heat

<!-- .vabout -->
«suffering» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [suffering in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/suffering.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pain, sadness or difficulty that a person or animal feels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:m1:1
# text = Pain, sadness or difficulty that a person or animal feels.
1	Pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | a person or animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling pain or having a problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:m2:1
# text = Feeling pain or having a problem.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  | pain |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | a problem |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"She is suffering from a cold."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:m2e:1
# text = "She is suffering from a cold."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** *in a quote* | present · progressive | She |  |  | a cold |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet ended the old dog's suffering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x1:1
# text = The vet ended the old dog's suffering.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the vet | the old dog's suffering |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality suffering=Eventuality |
| 2 | **suffer** |  | the old dog |  |  |  |  |  | nom suffering «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is suffering from hay fever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x2:1
# text = He is suffering from hay fever.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | present · progressive | He |  |  | hay fever |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charities help reduce the suffering of people after floods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x3:1
# text = Charities help reduce the suffering of people after floods.
1	Charities	charity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Charities |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **reduce** | infinitive | Charities *not said here* | the suffering of people after floods |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer suffering=Patient |
| 3 | **suffer** |  | people after floods |  |  |  |  |  | nom suffering «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals were suffering in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x4:1
# text = The animals were suffering in the heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past · progressive | the animals |  |  | the heat |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read about the suffering of soldiers in the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x5:1
# text = We read about the suffering of soldiers in the war.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We |  |  | the war |  | about the suffering of soldiers | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about suffering=Topic |
| 2 | **suffer** |  | soldiers |  |  |  |  |  | nom suffering «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is suffering from a bad headache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x6:1
# text = She is suffering from a bad headache.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	headache	headache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | present · progressive | She |  |  | a bad headache |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scene of past sufferings revives painful memories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffering:x7:1
# text = The scene of past sufferings revives painful memories.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sufferings	suffering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	revives	revive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	memories	memory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revive** | present | the scene of past sufferings | painful memories |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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