---
title: suffocate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «suffocate» in the school dictionary: To suffocate is to be unable to breathe because there is not enough air, which can make a person or animal very ill or die. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# suffocate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** enough air, Plastic bags, fire blanket, you, dog, heat · **What happens:** suffocate, be, breathe, make, die, get · **To what, where:** person, someone, air, small children, flames, dog

<!-- .vabout -->
«suffocate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [suffocate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/suffocate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suffocate is to be unable to breathe because there is not enough air, which can make a person or animal very ill or die.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:m1:1
# text = To suffocate is to be unable to breathe because there is not enough air, which can make a person or animal very ill or die.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	advcl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **be** | present | enough air |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | can | enough air | a person or animal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset person=Product |
| 6 | **die** | infinitive | enough air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suffocate someone or something is to stop it getting air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:m2:1
# text = To suffocate someone or something is to stop it getting air.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stop *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | gerund |  | air |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer air=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To feel suffocated is to feel trapped or held back, or very hot and stuffy.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:m3:1
# text = To feel suffocated is to feel trapped or held back, or very hot and stuffy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	suffocated	suffocate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	trapped	trap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **suffocate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | feel *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **trap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **hold back** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic bags can suffocate small children, so never play with them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x1:1
# text = Plastic bags can suffocate small children, so never play with them.
1	Plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | can | Plastic bags | small children |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **play** | infinitive | Plastic bags *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with bags *= bag* | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with they=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire blanket suffocates the flames by keeping air out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x2:1
# text = A fire blanket suffocates the flames by keeping air out.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	suffocates	suffocate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | present | a fire blanket | the flames |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flame=Patient |
| 2 | **keep out** | gerund | a fire blanket *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never leave a dog in a hot car; it could suffocate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x3:1
# text = Never leave a dog in a hot car; it could suffocate.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | a dog |  | a hot car |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dog=Theme in car=Location |
| 2 | **suffocate** | could | dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heat in the tent was suffocating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x4:1
# text = The heat in the tent was suffocating.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	suffocating	suffocate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | past · progressive | the heat in the tent |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Weeds can suffocate the young plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x5:1
# text = Weeds can suffocate the young plants.
1	Weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffocate** | can | Weeds | the young plants |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep pillows and soft toys out of a baby's cot so it can't suffocate.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x6:1
# text = Keep pillows and soft toys out of a baby's cot so it can't suffocate.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	pillows	pillow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	cot	cot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	suffocate	suffocate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | pillows and soft toys |  | a baby's cot |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pillow=Theme out cot=Location |
| 2 | **not** **suffocate** | can | cot |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He felt suffocated in the crowded room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x7:1
# text = He felt suffocated in the crowded room.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	suffocated	suffocate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **suffocate** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  | the crowded room |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their feet, however, became so smeared with the honey that they could not use their wings, nor release themselves, and were suffocated.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffocate:x8:1
# text = Their feet, however, became so smeared with the honey that they could not use their wings, nor release themselves, and were suffocated.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	smeared	smear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	21	cc	_	_
21	release	release	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
22	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	suffocated	suffocate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | Their feet |  |  |  |  | however *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **smear** | participle | Their feet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the honey | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with honey=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **use** | could | feet *= foot* | feet's wings |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |
| 4 | **release** | present | Their feet *not said here* | wings *= wing* |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer themselves=Source |
| 5 | **suffocate** | past · passive | Their feet *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V» |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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