---
title: suffrage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «suffrage» in the school dictionary: Suffrage is the right to vote in elections. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# suffrage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Suffrage, universal suffrage, adult citizens, New Zealand, women, suffrage movement · **What happens:** be, vote, mean, win, hold, fight · **To what, where:** right, elections, first country, national suffrage, 1893, big marches · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«suffrage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [suffrage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/suffrage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suffrage is the right to vote in elections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:m1:1
# text = Suffrage is the right to vote in elections.
1	Suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Suffrage | the right |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **vote** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | elections |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Women's suffrage" means women's right to vote, and "universal suffrage" means all adult citizens can vote.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:m2:1
# text = "Women's suffrage" means women's right to vote, and "universal suffrage" means all adult citizens can vote.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Women	Women	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
20	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Women's suffrage | women's right |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Topic |
| 2 | **vote** | to-infinitive | Women's suffrage *not said here* | women's right *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | universal suffrage |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **vote** | can | all adult citizens |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New Zealand was the first country where women won national suffrage, in 1893.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x1:1
# text = New Zealand was the first country where women won national suffrage, in 1893.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | New Zealand | the first country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | past | women | national suffrage |  | 1893 |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffrage=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The suffrage movement held big marches in London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x2:1
# text = The suffrage movement held big marches in London.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	marches	march	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the suffrage movement | big marches |  | London |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent march=Theme in london=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Universal suffrage means every adult citizen can vote.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x3:1
# text = Universal suffrage means every adult citizen can vote.
1	Universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Universal suffrage |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **vote** | can | every adult citizen |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suffragettes fought for women's suffrage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x4:1
# text = Suffragettes fought for women's suffrage.
1	Suffragettes	suffragette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Suffragettes |  |  |  |  | for women's suffrage | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 1920, American women gained suffrage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x5:1
# text = In 1920, American women gained suffrage.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1920	1920	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | American women | suffrage |  |  |  | in 1920 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient suffrage=Extent in 1920=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made posters about suffrage in history.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x6:1
# text = We made posters about suffrage in history.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	posters	poster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | posters |  | history |  | about suffrage | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poster=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The right to vote is called suffrage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suffrage:x7:1
# text = The right to vote is called suffrage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	suffrage	suffrage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | to-infinitive |  | the right *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the right |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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