---
title: sugar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sugar» in the school dictionary: Sugar is a sweet food made into grains, white or brown, used in cakes and drinks; it comes from sugar cane or sugar beet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sugar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sugar, Sugars, recipe, She, many more cups, He · **What happens:** be, make, use, come, call, put · **To what, where:** sweet food, grains, cakes, sugar cane, sweet substances, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sugar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sugar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sugar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar is a sweet food made into grains, white or brown, used in cakes and drinks; it comes from sugar cane or sugar beet.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:m1:1
# text = Sugar is a sweet food made into grains, white or brown, used in cakes and drinks; it comes from sugar cane or sugar beet.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	beet	beet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sugar | a sweet food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sweet food *not said here* |  | grains |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into grain=Product |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | grains *not said here* |  | cakes and drinks |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come** | present | Sugar |  |  | sugar cane or sugar beet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from cane=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugars are sweet substances in food, like those in fruit and milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:m2:1
# text = Sugars are sweet substances in food, like those in fruit and milk.
1	Sugars	sugar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sugars | sweet substances |  | food |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sugar» can be a fond name for someone, like «honey».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:m3:1
# text = «Sugar» can be a fond name for someone, like «honey».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fond	fond	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Sugar | a fond name |  |  |  | for someone | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recipe calls for 2 cups of sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x1:1
# text = The recipe calls for 2 cups of sugar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | the recipe |  |  |  |  | for 2 cups of sugar | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for cup=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She already put in 1 cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x2:1
# text = She already put in 1 cup.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	already	already	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | She |  |  | 1 cup |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cup=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more cups of sugar does she need?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x3:1
# text = How many more cups of sugar does she need?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · do-support | many more cups of sugar |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He bought 4 pounds of sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x4:1
# text = He bought 4 pounds of sugar.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | He | 4 pounds of sugar |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you take sugar in your tea?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x5:1
# text = Do you take sugar in your tea?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · do-support | you | sugar |  | your tea |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sugar=Value in tea=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x6:1
# text = Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | much sugar |  |  |  |  | for your teeth; bad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar dissolves in hot water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x7:1
# text = Sugar dissolves in hot water.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dissolve** | present | Sugar |  |  | hot water |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This drink is sugar-free.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x8:1
# text = This drink is sugar-free.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this drink |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar cane grows in hot places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x9:1
# text = Sugar cane grows in hot places.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Sugar cane |  |  | hot places |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sprinkle icing sugar on the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sugar:x10:1
# text = Sprinkle icing sugar on the cake.
1	Sprinkle	sprinkle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	icing	ice	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sprinkle** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ice** | gerund | you *not said here* | sugar |  | the cake |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent sugar=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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