---
title: sultana — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sultana» in the school dictionary: A sultana is a dried, light-golden seedless grape, like a raisin but paler and sweeter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sultana

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sultana, woman, I, fruit scones, small box, you · **What happens:** dry, be, put, call, live, count · **To what, where:** light golden seedless grape, wife, sultan, sultanas, porridge, healthy snack · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sultana» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sultana in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sultana.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sultana is a dried, light-golden seedless grape, like a raisin but paler and sweeter.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:m1:1
# text = A sultana is a dried, light-golden seedless grape, like a raisin but paler and sweeter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sultana	sultana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
5	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	seedless	seedless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	grape	grape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	paler	pale	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	sweeter	sweet	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a sultana | a light golden seedless grape and a raisin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sultana is the wife, mother or daughter of a sultan (a Muslim ruler), or a woman who is a sultan herself.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:m2:1
# text = A sultana is the wife, mother or daughter of a sultan (a Muslim ruler), or a woman who is a sultan herself.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sultana	sultana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sultan	sultan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sultan	sultan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	25	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sultana | the wife and mother or daughter of a sultan or a woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a woman | a sultan |  |  |  | woman *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I put sultanas in my porridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x1:1
# text = I put sultanas in my porridge.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | I | sultanas |  | my porridge |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sultana=Theme in porridge=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran's fruit scones are full of sultanas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x2:1
# text = Gran's fruit scones are full of sultanas.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	scones	scone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gran's fruit scones |  |  |  |  | of sultanas; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small box of sultanas is a healthy snack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x3:1
# text = A small box of sultanas is a healthy snack.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	snack	snack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a small box of sultanas | a healthy snack |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the USA, sultanas are called golden raisins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x4:1
# text = In the USA, sultanas are called golden raisins.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | sultanas |  | the USA |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sultana lived in a beautiful palace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x5:1
# text = The sultana lived in a beautiful palace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sultana	sultana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the sultana |  |  | a beautiful palace |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the sultanas in each muffin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x6:1
# text = Count the sultanas in each muffin.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sultanas |  | each muffin |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sultana=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sultanas are dried grapes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x7:1
# text = Sultanas are dried grapes.
1	Sultanas	sultana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Sultanas | dried grapes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You would have made a far better Sultana than she."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sultana:x8:1
# text = You would have made a far better Sultana than she."
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	Sultana	Sultana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | would · perfect · passive | a better Sultana than she | You |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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