---
title: sum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sum» in the school dictionary: The sum is the answer you get when you add numbers together: the sum of 3 and 4 is 7. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sum, you, your, She, We, plan · **What happens:** be, get, add, do, sum, sum up · **To what, where:** answer, numbers, 7, maths problem, sums, amount · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sum» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sum is the answer you get when you add numbers together: the sum of 3 and 4 is 7.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:m1:1
# text = The sum is the answer you get when you add numbers together: the sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	conj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sum | the answer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | you | the answer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | you | numbers |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the sum of 3 | 7 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sum (UK) is a maths problem: do your sums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:m2:1
# text = A sum (UK) is a maths problem: do your sums.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	maths	maths	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sum | a maths problem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive |  | your sums |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sum** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sum of money is an amount of money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:m3:1
# text = A sum of money is an amount of money.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sum of money | a amount |  |  |  | of money | tree rules |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sum up is to say the main points briefly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:m4:1
# text = To sum up is to say the main points briefly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sum	sum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	briefly	briefly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sum up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | briefly, say *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the sum of 7 and 8?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x1:1
# text = What is the sum of 7 and 8?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the sum |  |  |  | of 7 | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sum of two numbers is 20.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x2:1
# text = The sum of two numbers is 20.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sum of two numbers | 20 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | two numbers |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She saved a sum of 50 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x3:1
# text = She saved a sum of 50 dollars.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | She | a sum of 50 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Theme |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | 50 dollars |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the sum of all the apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x4:1
# text = Find the sum of all the apples.
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sum of all apples |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Topic |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | all apples |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did ten sums in class today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x5:1
# text = We did ten sums in class today.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | ten sums |  | class | today |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x6:1
# text = The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	180	180	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sum of the angles in a triangle | 180 degrees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | the angles in a triangle |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sum up, the plan worked well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x7:1
# text = To sum up, the plan worked well.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sum	sum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sum up** | to-infinitive | the plan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | past | the plan |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add the column to find the sum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x8:1
# text = Add the column to find the sum.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | the column |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent column=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the sum |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Ah," said Nigel, "can you do sums?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sum:x9:1
# text = "Ah," said Nigel, "can you do sums?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Nigel	Nigel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
12	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Nigel |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *in a quote* | can | you | sums |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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