---
title: summarise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «summarise» in the school dictionary: To give the main points of something in a few words, leaving out the details. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# summarise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, plants, scientist, news reader, your, I · **What happens:** give, leave out, point, summarise, need, happen · **To what, where:** main points, few words, details, something, story, three sentences

<!-- .vabout -->
«summarise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [summarise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/summarise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give the main points of something in a few words, leaving out the details.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:m1:1
# text = To give the main points of something in a few words, leaving out the details.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	details	detail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | the main points of something |  | a few words |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Theme |
| 2 | **leave out** | gerund |  | the details |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Theme |
| 3 | **point** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summarise the story in three sentences.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x1:1
# text = Summarise the story in three sentences.
1	Summarise	summarise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | imperative | you *not said here* | the story |  | three sentences |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To summarise, plants need light, water and air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x2:1
# text = To summarise, plants need light, water and air.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	summarise	summarise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | to-infinitive | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | plants | light and water and air |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot light=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you summarise what happened in the chapter?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x3:1
# text = Can you summarise what happened in the chapter?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	summarise	summarise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | past |  |  |  | the chapter |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in chapter=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist summarised her results in a table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x4:1
# text = The scientist summarised her results in a table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	summarised	summarise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | past | the scientist | scientist's results |  | a table |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **result** |  | scientist |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news reader summarised the day's main stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x5:1
# text = The news reader summarised the day's main stories.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	summarised	summarise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | past | the news reader | the day's main stories |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summarise the paragraph in your own words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x6:1
# text = Summarise the paragraph in your own words.
1	Summarise	summarise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | imperative | you *not said here* | the paragraph |  | your own words |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **word** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In this place I can only roughly summarise my results.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summarise:x7:1
# text = In this place I can only roughly summarise my results.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	summarise	summarise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summarise** | can | I | my results |  | this place |  | roughly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **result** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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