---
title: summary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «summary» in the school dictionary: A summary is a short version of something longer, giving only the main points. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# summary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** summary, short version, you, news, plants, teacher · **What happens:** be, give, mean, do, put, write · **To what, where:** short version, main points, summary, five sentences, short summary, light · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«summary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [summary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/summary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A summary is a short version of something longer, giving only the main points.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:m1:1
# text = A summary is a short version of something longer, giving only the main points.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a summary | a short version |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | a short version *not said here* | the main points |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summary means done quickly, without the usual steps: «summary justice».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:m2:1
# text = Summary means done quickly, without the usual steps: «summary justice».
1	Summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	summary	summary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Summary |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | participle | Summary *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without the usual steps; quickly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In summary» means «to put it briefly».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:m3:1
# text = «In summary» means «to put it briefly».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	briefly	briefly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | summary |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **put** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | summary |  |  |  | briefly *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a summary of the story in five sentences.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x1:1
# text = Write a summary of the story in five sentences.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a summary of the story |  | five sentences |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent summary=Theme in sentence=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news gave a short summary of the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x2:1
# text = The news gave a short summary of the match.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the news | a short summary of the match |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent summary=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In summary, plants need light, water and air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x3:1
# text = In summary, plants need light, water and air.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | plants | light and water and air |  | summary |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot light=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher read our summaries aloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x4:1
# text = The teacher read our summaries aloud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	summaries	summary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the teacher | our summaries |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent summary=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The summary at the end of the chapter helps with revision.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x5:1
# text = The summary at the end of the chapter helps with revision.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	revision	revision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the summary at the end of the chapter |  |  |  |  | with revision | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with revision=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A summary table shows the total sales for each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x6:1
# text = A summary table shows the total sales for each day.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	summary	summary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a summary table | the total sales |  |  | for each day |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sale=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book's back cover has a summary of the plot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summary:x7:1
# text = The book's back cover has a summary of the plot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	plot	plot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the book's back cover | a summary of the plot |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent summary=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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