---
title: summer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «summer» in the school dictionary: Summer is the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn (fall). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/summer/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / summer

# summer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Summer, Summer holidays, She, summer holiday, He, pool · **What happens:** be, read, last, earn, open, come · **To what, where:** warmest season, long break, school, 12 books, 10 dollars, Australia

<!-- .vabout -->
«summer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [summer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/summer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summer is the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn (fall).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:m1:1
# text = Summer is the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn (fall).
1	Summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	warmest	warm	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Summer | the warmest season |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summer holidays (US: summer vacation) are the long break from school in summer.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:m2:1
# text = Summer holidays (US: summer vacation) are the long break from school in summer.
1	Summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vacation	vacation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Summer holidays | the long break |  | school | summer |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She read 12 books during the summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x1:1
# text = She read 12 books during the summer.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | She | 12 books |  |  | summer |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The summer holiday lasts 8 weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x2:1
# text = The summer holiday lasts 8 weeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | the summer holiday |  |  |  | week |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He earns 10 dollars a day in the summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x3:1
# text = He earns 10 dollars a day in the summer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	earns	earn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | present | He | 10 dollars |  |  | day; summer |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pool opens every summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x4:1
# text = The pool opens every summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | the pool |  |  |  | summer |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, Christmas comes in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x5:1
# text = In Australia, Christmas comes in summer.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Christmas |  |  | Australia | summer |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in australia=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a hat and sun cream on hot summer days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x6:1
# text = Wear a hat and sun cream on hot summer days.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a hat and sun cream on hot summer days |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The days are longest in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x7:1
# text = The days are longest in summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the days |  |  |  | summer | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went to summer camp by the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x8:1
# text = We went to summer camp by the lake.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | summer camp |  | by the lake | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to camp=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard winter followed this summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:summer:x9:1
# text = A hard winter followed this summer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | a hard winter |  |  |  | summer |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [summary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/summary/)
- next →: [summit](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/summit/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)