---
title: sundae — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sundae» in the school dictionary: A sundae is a dessert of ice cream topped with sauce, such as chocolate or strawberry, and often with whipped cream, nuts, sprinkles and a cherry, served in a tall glass or bowl. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sundae

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sundae, I, We, hot fudge sundae, café, 3 cream flavours · **What happens:** be, top, whip, serve, have, make · **To what, where:** dessert, ice cream, chocolate sundae, sundaes, party, favourite treat

<!-- .vabout -->
«sundae» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sundae in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sundae.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sundae is a dessert of ice cream topped with sauce, such as chocolate or strawberry, and often with whipped cream, nuts, sprinkles and a cherry, served in a tall glass or bowl.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:m1:1
# text = A sundae is a dessert of ice cream topped with sauce, such as chocolate or strawberry, and often with whipped cream, nuts, sprinkles and a cherry, served in a tall glass or bowl.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sundae	sundae	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dessert	dessert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	strawberry	strawberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	whipped	whip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	sprinkles	sprinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	cherry	cherry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sundae | a dessert and whipped cream and nuts and sprinkles and a cherry |  |  |  | of ice cream | tree rules |
| 2 | **top** | participle |  | ice cream *not said here* |  |  |  | with sauce and chocolate or strawberry | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sauce=Theme |
| 3 | **whip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **serve** | participle | a sundae *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in a tall glass or bowl | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent in glass=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a chocolate sundae with a cherry on top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x1:1
# text = I had a chocolate sundae with a cherry on top.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sundae	sundae	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cherry	cherry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a chocolate sundae |  |  |  | with a cherry on top | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundae=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made sundaes at Lily's party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x2:1
# text = We made sundaes at Lily's party.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sundaes	sundae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | sundaes |  | Lily's party |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundae=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hot fudge sundae is my favourite treat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x3:1
# text = A hot fudge sundae is my favourite treat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sundae	sundae	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	treat	treat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hot fudge sundae | my favourite treat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The café sells sundaes in tall glasses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x4:1
# text = The café sells sundaes in tall glasses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sundaes	sundae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | the café | sundaes |  | tall glasses |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundae=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If there are 3 ice-cream flavours and 2 sauces, you can make 6 different sundaes.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x5:1
# text = If there are 3 ice-cream flavours and 2 sauces, you can make 6 different sundaes.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	flavours	flavour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	sauces	sauce	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	sundaes	sundae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | 3 cream flavours and 2 sauces |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | can | you | 6 different sundaes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundae=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sundae had sprinkles, nuts and cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sundae:x6:1
# text = My sundae had sprinkles, nuts and cream.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sundae	sundae	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sprinkles	sprinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | My sundae | sprinkles and nuts and cream |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sprinkle=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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