---
title: supernova — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «supernova» in the school dictionary: A supernova is a gigantic explosion of a star at the end of its life, which can shine brighter than a whole galaxy for a short time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# supernova

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** supernova, gigantic explosion, Supernovae, Sun, Astronomers · **What happens:** be, shine, leave over, make, outshine, become · **To what, where:** gigantic explosion, end, explosion, Crab Nebula, supernova, heavy elements

<!-- .vabout -->
«supernova» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [supernova in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/supernova.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supernova is a gigantic explosion of a star at the end of its life, which can shine brighter than a whole galaxy for a short time.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:m1:1
# text = A supernova is a gigantic explosion of a star at the end of its life, which can shine brighter than a whole galaxy for a short time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gigantic	gigantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	explosion	explosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
20	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	xcomp	_	_
21	than	than	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supernova | a gigantic explosion |  |  | at the end of supernova's life | of a star | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | can | a gigantic explosion |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supernova is the explosion of a huge star.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x1:1
# text = A supernova is the explosion of a huge star.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	explosion	explosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supernova | the explosion |  |  |  | of a huge star | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Crab Nebula is left over from a supernova.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x2:1
# text = The Crab Nebula is left over from a supernova.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Crab	Crab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Nebula	Nebula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave over** | present · passive |  | the Crab Nebula |  | a supernova |  | over *property* | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Source from supernova=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Supernovae make heavy elements like gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x3:1
# text = Supernovae make heavy elements like gold.
1	Supernovae	Supernovae	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	elements	element	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Supernovae | heavy elements |  |  |  | like gold | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent element=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For a few weeks the supernova outshone its galaxy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x4:1
# text = For a few weeks the supernova outshone its galaxy.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	outshone	outshine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **outshine** | past | the supernova | supernova's galaxy |  |  | week |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot galaxy=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our Sun is too small to become a supernova.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x5:1
# text = Our Sun is too small to become a supernova.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our Sun |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive | Our Sun *not said here* | a supernova |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomers spotted a new supernova in a distant galaxy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supernova:x6:1
# text = Astronomers spotted a new supernova in a distant galaxy.
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spotted	spot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spot** | past | Astronomers | a new supernova |  |  |  | in a distant galaxy | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent supernova=Destination in galaxy=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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