---
title: supersede — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «supersede» in the school dictionary: To supersede something is to take its place because it is newer or better, so the old thing is no longer used. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/supersede/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / supersede

# supersede

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** place, new timetable, Smartphones, Electric lights, ideas, new rules · **What happens:** supersede, be, use, draw, not throw out · **To what, where:** something, old thing, old one, many cameras, gas lamps, laws

<!-- .vabout -->
«supersede» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [supersede in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/supersede.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To supersede something is to take its place because it is newer or better, so the old thing is no longer used.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:m1:1
# text = To supersede something is to take its place because it is newer or better, so the old thing is no longer used.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	supersede	supersede	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	newer	new	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
21	no	no	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	_
23	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | take *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | place |  |  |  |  | new *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | place *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **use** | present · passive |  | the old thing |  |  |  | long *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cars superseded horse-drawn carts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x1:1
# text = Cars superseded horse-drawn carts.
1	Cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	superseded	supersede	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	carts	cart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new timetable supersedes the old one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x2:1
# text = The new timetable supersedes the old one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	timetable	timetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	supersedes	supersede	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | present | the new timetable | the old one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smartphones have superseded many cameras.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x3:1
# text = Smartphones have superseded many cameras.
1	Smartphones	smartphone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	superseded	supersede	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | present · perfect | Smartphones | many cameras |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electric lights superseded gas lamps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x4:1
# text = Electric lights superseded gas lamps.
1	Electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	superseded	supersede	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | past | Electric lights | gas lamps |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Einstein's ideas did not throw out Newton's laws, but in some cases they superseded them.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x5:1
# text = Einstein's ideas did not throw out Newton's laws, but in some cases they superseded them.
1	Einstein	Einstein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	superseded	supersede	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **throw out** | past · do-support | Einstein's ideas | Newton's laws |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |
| 2 | **supersede** | past | ideas *= idea* | laws *= law* |  | some cases |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new rules supersede everything in last year's handbook.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x6:1
# text = The new rules supersede everything in last year's handbook.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	supersede	supersede	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | present | the new rules | everything |  | last year's handbook |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Streaming has superseded DVDs for many families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supersede:x7:1
# text = Streaming has superseded DVDs for many families.
1	Streaming	streaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	superseded	supersede	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	DVDs	dvd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supersede** | present · perfect · passive |  | Streaming |  |  |  | for many families | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [superpower](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/superpower/)
- next →: [superstar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/superstar/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)