---
title: supplement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «supplement» in the school dictionary: A supplement is something added to something else to make it complete or better. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# supplement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** supplement, people, you, Sunday paper, small supplement, Grandad · **What happens:** be, add, make, take, pay, come · **To what, where:** something, supplement, pill, other things, extra part, extra amount

<!-- .vabout -->
«supplement» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [supplement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/supplement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supplement is something added to something else to make it complete or better.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:m1:1
# text = A supplement is something added to something else to make it complete or better.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supplement | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to something | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to something=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | supplement |  |  |  | complete *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supplement is a pill or drink with vitamins or other things that people take as well as food.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:m2:1
# text = A supplement is a pill or drink with vitamins or other things that people take as well as food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pill	pill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	19	cc	_	_
17	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	fixed	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
19	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supplement | a pill or drink with vitamins or other things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | people | other things |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument that=Theme food=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supplement is an extra part of a newspaper or magazine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:m3:1
# text = A supplement is an extra part of a newspaper or magazine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supplement | a extra part |  |  |  | of a newspaper or magazine | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supplement is an extra amount of money you pay, for example for a better seat.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:m4:1
# text = A supplement is an extra amount of money you pay, for example for a better seat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a supplement | a extra amount |  |  |  | of money | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | present | you |  |  |  |  | for example; for a better seat | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for example=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To supplement is to add to something to make it bigger or enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:m5:1
# text = To supplement is to add to something to make it bigger or enough.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to something; add *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | supplement |  |  |  | big *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people take a vitamin D supplement in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x1:1
# text = Some people take a vitamin D supplement in winter.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	D	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | some people | a D supplement |  |  | winter |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supplement=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sunday paper comes with a colour supplement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x2:1
# text = The Sunday paper comes with a colour supplement.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the Sunday paper |  |  |  |  | with a colour supplement | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a small supplement for a sea-view room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x3:1
# text = There is a small supplement for a sea-view room.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	supplement	supplement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a small supplement for a view room |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad supplements his pension by gardening for neighbours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x4:1
# text = Grandad supplements his pension by gardening for neighbours.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	supplements	supplement	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	pension	pension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	gardening	garden	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supplement** | present | Grandad | Grandad's pension |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **garden** | gerund | Grandad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for neighbours | tree rules |
| 3 | **pension** |  | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | nom pension «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer supplements the cows' grass with hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x5:1
# text = The farmer supplements the cows' grass with hay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	supplements	supplement	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supplement** | present | the farmer | the cows's grass |  |  |  | with hay | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only take supplements a doctor or parent gives you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x6:1
# text = Only take supplements a doctor or parent gives you.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	supplements	supplement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | supplements |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supplement=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | a doctor or parent |  | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher supplemented the lesson with a video.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:supplement:x7:1
# text = The teacher supplemented the lesson with a video.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	supplemented	supplement	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supplement** | past | the teacher | the lesson |  |  |  | with a video | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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