---
title: surgeon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surgeon» in the school dictionary: A surgeon is a doctor who does operations, cutting into the body to repair or remove parts. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surgeon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** surgeon, doctor, tree surgeon, person, heart surgeon, Surgeons · **What happens:** be, do, cut, repair, remove, look · **To what, where:** doctor, operations, parts, person, broken arm, hearts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surgeon» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surgeon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surgeon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A surgeon is a doctor who does operations, cutting into the body to repair or remove parts.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:m1:1
# text = A surgeon is a doctor who does operations, cutting into the body to repair or remove parts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
18	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a surgeon | a doctor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a doctor | operations |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent operation=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cut** | gerund | a doctor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the body | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into body=Patient |
| 4 | **repair** | to-infinitive | a doctor *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **remove** | infinitive | a doctor *not said here* | parts |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tree surgeon is a person who cuts and looks after trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:m2:1
# text = A tree surgeon is a person who cuts and looks after trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tree surgeon | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **look** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  | after trees |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surgeon fixed my broken arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x1:1
# text = The surgeon fixed my broken arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | the surgeon | my broken arm |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heart surgeon operates on people's hearts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x2:1
# text = A heart surgeon operates on people's hearts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	operates	operate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **operate** | present | a heart surgeon |  |  | people's hearts |  |  | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surgeons scrub their hands before every operation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x3:1
# text = Surgeons scrub their hands before every operation.
1	Surgeons	surgeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scrub	scrub	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scrub** | present | Surgeons | Surgeons's hands |  |  | before every operation |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent hand=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree surgeon cut the dead branches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x4:1
# text = The tree surgeon cut the dead branches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | the tree surgeon | the dead branches |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset branch=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt is training to be a surgeon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x5:1
# text = My aunt is training to be a surgeon.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	training	train	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present · progressive | My aunt |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a surgeon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surgeon did 3 operations a day for 5 days, 15 in all.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x6:1
# text = The surgeon did 3 operations a day for 5 days, 15 in all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the surgeon | 3 operations |  |  | day | 15 in all *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent operation=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It's not brain surgery» means it's not very hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x7:1
# text = «It's not brain surgery» means it's not very hard.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	surgery	surgery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | present | It | brain surgery |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | brain surgery |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | surgery |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was too late; a surgeon had been sent for to open a vein in her arm, but the poor woman was dead.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgeon:x8:1
# text = It was too late; a surgeon had been sent for to open a vein in her arm, but the poor woman was dead.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	vein	vein	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | past · perfect · passive |  | a surgeon |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **open** | to-infinitive |  | a vein |  | her arm |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent vein=Theme in arm=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | the poor woman |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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