---
title: surgical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surgical» in the school dictionary: Surgical means to do with surgery, the work of doctors who operate on the body. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surgical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Surgical, doctors, nurse, Surgical masks, doctor, surgical knife · **What happens:** mean, do, operate, work, wear, stop · **To what, where:** body, surgical gloves, germs, surgical knife, scalpel, small surgical operation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surgical» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surgical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surgical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surgical means to do with surgery, the work of doctors who operate on the body.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:m1:1
# text = Surgical means to do with surgery, the work of doctors who operate on the body.
1	Surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	surgery	surgery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	operate	operate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Surgical |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with surgery | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **operate** | present | doctors |  |  | the body |  |  | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **work** |  | doctors |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surgical means very exact and careful, as if done by a surgeon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:m2:1
# text = Surgical means very exact and careful, as if done by a surgeon.
1	Surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Surgical |  |  |  |  | exact *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Surgical *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a surgeon | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse wore surgical gloves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x1:1
# text = The nurse wore surgical gloves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the nurse | surgical gloves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surgical masks stop germs from spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x2:1
# text = Surgical masks stop germs from spreading.
1	Surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	masks	mask	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Surgical masks | germs |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality |
| 2 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor used a surgical knife called a scalpel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x3:1
# text = The doctor used a surgical knife called a scalpel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	scalpel	scalpel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the doctor | a surgical knife |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a surgical knife *not said here* | a scalpel |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent scalpel=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma needs a small surgical operation on her knee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x4:1
# text = Grandma needs a small surgical operation on her knee.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Grandma | a small surgical operation |  | Grandma's knee |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot operation=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tools were kept in a surgical tray.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x5:1
# text = The tools were kept in a surgical tray.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · passive |  | the tools |  | a surgical tray |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in tray=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She cut the paper shapes with surgical precision.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x6:1
# text = She cut the paper shapes with surgical precision.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shapes	shape	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	precision	precision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | present | the paper |  |  |  |  | with surgical precision | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surgical instruments must be very clean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surgical:x7:1
# text = Surgical instruments must be very clean.
1	Surgical	surgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | Surgical instruments |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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