---
title: surrender — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surrender» in the school dictionary: To surrender is to stop fighting and admit you are beaten. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surrender

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Surrender, act, army, I, you, They · **What happens:** surrender, be, fight, admit, beat, hand over · **To what, where:** you, something, it, act, last, Dad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surrender» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surrender in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surrender.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surrender is to stop fighting and admit you are beaten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:m1:1
# text = To surrender is to stop fighting and admit you are beaten.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surrender	surrender	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	admit	admit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stop *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fight** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **admit** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **beat** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surrender something is to give it up or hand it over, often because you are made to.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:m2:1
# text = To surrender something is to give it up or hand it over, often because you are made to.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surrender	surrender	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hand	hand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hand over** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  | often *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surrender is the act of giving up or handing over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:m3:1
# text = Surrender is the act of giving up or handing over.
1	Surrender	surrender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	handing	hand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Surrender | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give up** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hand over** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army surrendered at last.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x1:1
# text = The army surrendered at last.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | past | the army |  |  | last |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I surrender!" laughed Dad in the pillow fight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x2:1
# text = "I surrender!" laughed Dad in the pillow fight.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	surrender	surrender	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	pillow	pillow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | past |  | Dad |  | the pillow fight |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please surrender your phones before the exam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x3:1
# text = Please surrender your phones before the exam.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	surrender	surrender	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | imperative | you *not said here* | your phones |  |  | before the exam |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent phone=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They waved a white flag to show surrender.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x4:1
# text = They waved a white flag to show surrender.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	surrender	surrender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | They | a white flag |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flag=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | surrender |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surrender=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief surrendered to the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x5:1
# text = The thief surrendered to the police.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | past | the thief |  | the police |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to police=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He would not surrender his seat to anyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x6:1
# text = He would not surrender his seat to anyone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	surrender	surrender	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **surrender** | would | He | his seat | anyone |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent seat=Theme to anyone=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She surrendered to sleep after the long day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x7:1
# text = She surrendered to sleep after the long day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle surrendered after a long siege.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x8:1
# text = The castle surrendered after a long siege.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	siege	siege	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | participle |  | the castle *not said here* |  |  | after a long siege |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surrender at once, and I will take you with me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrender:x9:1
# text = Surrender at once, and I will take you with me.
1	Surrender	surrender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | future | Surrender |  | you |  |  | with me | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument you=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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