---
title: surround — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surround» in the school dictionary: To surround something is to be all around it on every side. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surround

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, surround, Water, fence, fans, Trees · **What happens:** surround, be, draw, begin, rush out · **To what, where:** something, side, it, someone, border, island

<!-- .vabout -->
«surround» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surround in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surround.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surround something is to be all around it on every side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:m1:1
# text = To surround something is to be all around it on every side.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surround	surround	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | to-infinitive |  | something |  | every side |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | it |  | all *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surround someone is to move so you are all around them, like a crowd or soldiers.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:m2:1
# text = To surround someone is to move so you are all around them, like a crowd or soldiers.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surround	surround	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	around	around	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | move *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | around them *= they*; all *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A surround is a border or frame around something, like a fireplace surround.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:m3:1
# text = A surround is a border or frame around something, like a fireplace surround.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surround	surround	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	fireplace	fireplace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	surround	surround	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a surround | a border or frame |  | something |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water surrounds the island on all sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x1:1
# text = Water surrounds the island on all sides.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	surrounds	surround	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present | Water | the island |  | all sides |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme island=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fence surrounds the school field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x2:1
# text = A fence surrounds the school field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	surrounds	surround	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present | a fence | the school field |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme field=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fans surrounded the footballer for autographs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x3:1
# text = The fans surrounded the footballer for autographs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	footballer	footballer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	autographs	autograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | the fans *not said here* | the footballer |  |  |  | for autographs | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme footballer=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trees surround our house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x4:1
# text = Trees surround our house.
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	surround	surround	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present | Trees | our house |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme house=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a border to surround the picture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x5:1
# text = Draw a border to surround the picture.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	surround	surround	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a border |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Theme |
| 2 | **surround** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the picture |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme picture=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolves began to surround the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x6:1
# text = The wolves began to surround the campfire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	surround	surround	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **surround** | to-infinitive | the wolves *not said here* | the campfire |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme campfire=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mountains surround the little village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x7:1
# text = Mountains surround the little village.
1	Mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	surround	surround	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present | Mountains | the little village |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme village=Co-Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These children rush out in swarms, and surround travellers, whether on foot or in carriages.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surround:x8:1
# text = These children rush out in swarms, and surround travellers, whether on foot or in carriages.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rush	rush	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	swarms	swarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	surround	surround	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	carriages	carriage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush out** | present | this children |  |  | swarms |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in swarm=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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