---
title: surrounded — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surrounded» in the school dictionary: Surrounded is the past of surround: was or were all around something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surrounded

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** island, deep moat, sheep, police, library, tall trees · **What happens:** surround, be, mean, have, blow out · **To what, where:** Surrounded past, something, things, land, castle, We · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surrounded» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surrounded in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surrounded.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surrounded is the past of surround: was or were all around something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:m1:1
# text = Surrounded is the past of surround: was or were all around something.
1	Surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	surround	surround	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	all	all	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Surrounded past |  |  |  | of surround | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  | something |  | all *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, «surrounded by» means having things or people all around you.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, «surrounded by» means having things or people all around you.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	nsubj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	ccomp	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	all	all	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	around	around	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | things or people |  |  |  | around you | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An island is land surrounded by water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x1:1
# text = An island is land surrounded by water.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a island | land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | participle |  | land *not said here* |  |  |  | by water | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was surrounded by a deep moat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x2:1
# text = The castle was surrounded by a deep moat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	moat	moat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | past · passive | a deep moat | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were surrounded by sheep in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x3:1
# text = We were surrounded by sheep in the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | past · passive | sheep | We |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police surrounded the building.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x4:1
# text = The police surrounded the building.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | the police *not said here* | the building |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme building=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sat surrounded by books in the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x5:1
# text = She sat surrounded by books in the library.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | past · passive | the library | She |  |  |  | by books | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house is surrounded by tall trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x6:1
# text = The house is surrounded by tall trees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present · passive | tall trees | the house |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surrounded by friends, he blew out the candles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x7:1
# text = Surrounded by friends, he blew out the candles.
1	Surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **blow out** | past | he | the candles |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here the god himself reposes, surrounded by innumerable forms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surrounded:x8:1
# text = Here the god himself reposes, surrounded by innumerable forms.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	nsubj	_	_
5	reposes	repose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	innumerable	innumerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle |  | reposes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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