---
title: surroundings — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surroundings» in the school dictionary: Your surroundings are everything around you: the place you are in and the things and conditions near you. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surroundings

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** surroundings, you, chameleon, It, hotel, animals · **What happens:** be, take off, notice, change, match, take · **To what, where:** everything, place, headphones, surroundings, colour, puppy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surroundings» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surroundings in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surroundings.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your surroundings are everything around you: the place you are in and the things and conditions near you.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:m1:1
# text = Your surroundings are everything around you: the place you are in and the things and conditions near you.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	0	root	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	in	in	ADV	RB	_	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	near	near	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your surroundings | everything |  |  |  | around you | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | you | the place and the things and conditions near you *not said here* |  |  |  | in *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take your headphones off and notice your surroundings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x1:1
# text = Take your headphones off and notice your surroundings.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	headphones	headphone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	notice	notice	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your headphones |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headphone=Theme |
| 2 | **notice** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your surroundings |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer surroundings=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chameleon changes colour to match its surroundings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x2:1
# text = The chameleon changes colour to match its surroundings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	match	match	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | the chameleon | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **match** | to-infinitive | the chameleon *not said here* | chameleon's surroundings |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surroundings=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took the puppy a while to get used to its new surroundings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x3:1
# text = It took the puppy a while to get used to its new surroundings.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It |  | the puppy |  | while |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument puppy=Destination |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to puppy's new surroundings | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hotel is in beautiful surroundings by a lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x4:1
# text = The hotel is in beautiful surroundings by a lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the hotel |  |  | beautiful surroundings |  | by a lake | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay alert to your surroundings when you are out alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x5:1
# text = Stay alert to your surroundings when you are out alone.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	alert	alert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	1	advcl	_	_
10	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to your surroundings; alert *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | alone, out *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals live in their natural surroundings, not in cages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x6:1
# text = The animals live in their natural surroundings, not in cages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cages	cage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the animals |  |  | animals's natural surroundings |  | in cages | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in surroundings=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at your surroundings and find a landmark if you get lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x7:1
# text = Look at your surroundings and find a landmark if you get lost.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	landmark	landmark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at your surroundings | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at surroundings=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a landmark |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent landmark=Topic |
| 3 | **lose** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science we studied how plants react to their surroundings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x8:1
# text = In science we studied how plants react to their surroundings.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	react	react	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | we |  |  | science |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **react** | present | plants |  |  |  |  | to plants's surroundings | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to surroundings=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I hastily surveyed my surroundings, and saw that I was safe from all pursuit from the town.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surroundings:x9:1
# text = I hastily surveyed my surroundings, and saw that I was safe from all pursuit from the town.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hastily	hastily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	surveyed	survey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survey** | past | I | my surroundings |  |  |  | hastily *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surroundings=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | I |  |  | all pursuit from the town |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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