---
title: surtitle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «surtitle» in the school dictionary: Surtitles are words shown on a screen above the stage at an opera or play, giving a translation of what is being sung or said in another language, or the words for people who cannot hear well. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# surtitle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Surtitles, words, people, opera, We, deaf audience members · **What happens:** be, show, give, sing, say, not hear · **To what, where:** words, screen, translation, language, Italian, surtitles · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«surtitle» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [surtitle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/surtitle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surtitles are words shown on a screen above the stage at an opera or play, giving a translation of what is being sung or said in another language, or the words for people who cannot hear well.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:m1:1
# text = Surtitles are words shown on a screen above the stage at an opera or play, giving a translation of what is being sung or said in another language, or the words for people who cannot hear well.
1	Surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	opera	opera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nmod	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
23	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
29	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
36	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
37	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
39	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	acl:relcl	_	_
40	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	39	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Surtitles | words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | words *not said here* |  | a screen above the stage at a opera or play |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | gerund | words *not said here* | a translation |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent translation=Theme |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V» |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  | another language or the words for people |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in language=Manner |
| 6 | **not** **hear** | can | people |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The opera was in Italian, but there were English surtitles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x1:1
# text = The opera was in Italian, but there were English surtitles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	opera	opera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the opera |  |  | Italian |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read the surtitles above the stage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x2:1
# text = We read the surtitles above the stage.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | the surtitles |  | the stage |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surtitle=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surtitles help deaf audience members follow the play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x3:1
# text = Surtitles help deaf audience members follow the play.
1	Surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Surtitles |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | present | deaf audience members | the play |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent play=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was hard to watch the singers and read the surtitles at the same time.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x4:1
# text = It was hard to watch the singers and read the surtitles at the same time.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	singers	singer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive |  | the singers |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent singer=Theme |
| 3 | **read** | infinitive |  | the surtitles |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surtitle=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The theatre shows surtitles on a long screen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x5:1
# text = The theatre shows surtitles on a long screen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	theatre	theatre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the theatre | surtitles |  | a long screen |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surtitle=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without the surtitles, I would not have understood the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:surtitle:x6:1
# text = Without the surtitles, I would not have understood the story.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	surtitles	surtitle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **understand** | would · perfect | I | the story |  |  |  | without the surtitles | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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