---
title: survival — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «survival» in the school dictionary: Staying alive, especially in danger or a hard situation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# survival

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Water, thick fur, fur, We, hikers, survival · **What happens:** stay, continue, exist, survive, be, help · **To what, where:** survival, species, cold, survival skills, camping trip, survival kit

<!-- .vabout -->
«survival» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [survival in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/survival.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Staying alive, especially in danger or a hard situation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:m1:1
# text = Staying alive, especially in danger or a hard situation.
1	Staying	stay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
2	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Continuing to exist, like the survival of a species or a business.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:m2:1
# text = Continuing to exist, like the survival of a species or a business.
1	Continuing	continue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **exist** | to-infinitive |  | the survival of a species or a business |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **survive** |  |  | a species |  |  |  |  | nom survival «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that still exists from long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:m3:1
# text = Something that still exists from long ago.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present |  |  |  |  | still | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is necessary for survival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x1:1
# text = Water is necessary for survival.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Water |  |  |  |  | for survival; necessary *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The polar bear's thick fur helps its survival in the cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x2:1
# text = The polar bear's thick fur helps its survival in the cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the polar bear's thick fur | fur's survival |  | the cold |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent survival=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **survive** |  | fur |  |  |  |  |  | nom survival «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learnt survival skills on the camping trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x3:1
# text = We learnt survival skills on the camping trip.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	camping	camping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | survival skills |  | the camping trip |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hikers had a survival kit with food, a torch and a whistle.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x4:1
# text = The hikers had a survival kit with food, a torch and a whistle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	kit	kit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	whistle	whistle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the hikers | a survival kit |  |  |  | with food and a torch and a whistle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kit=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The survival of the tigers depends on protecting forests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x5:1
# text = The survival of the tigers depends on protecting forests.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	protecting	protect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | the survival of the tigers |  |  |  |  | on protecting forests | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on forest=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **survive** |  |  | the tigers |  |  |  |  | nom survival «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rescue team gave him a good chance of survival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x6:1
# text = The rescue team gave him a good chance of survival.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the rescue team | a good chance of survival | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient chance=Theme |
| 2 | **chance** |  | survival |  |  |  |  |  | nom chance «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a fight for survival in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x7:1
# text = It was a fight for survival in the storm.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a fight |  | the storm |  | for survival | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There appears little doubt that the modern Carnival is a survival of the ancient Saturnalia.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:survival:x8:1
# text = There appears little doubt that the modern Carnival is a survival of the ancient Saturnalia.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Carnival	Carnival	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Saturnalia	Saturnalia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present |  | little doubt |  | there |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location doubt=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the modern Carnival | a survival |  |  |  | of the ancient Saturnalia | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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