---
title: suspend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «suspend» in the school dictionary: To suspend something is to hang it from above: a lamp suspended from the ceiling. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# suspend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bits, club, she · **What happens:** suspend, be, come, play, float, sink · **To what, where:** something, lamp, ceiling, matches, pupil, school

<!-- .vabout -->
«suspend» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [suspend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/suspend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suspend something is to hang it from above: a lamp suspended from the ceiling.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:m1:1
# text = To suspend something is to hang it from above: a lamp suspended from the ceiling.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	suspend	suspend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	above	above	ADV	RB	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | a lamp *obl*; hang *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **suspend** | participle |  | a lamp *not said here* |  | the ceiling |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from ceiling=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suspend something is to stop it for a while: matches were suspended because of snow.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:m2:1
# text = To suspend something is to stop it for a while: matches were suspended because of snow.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	suspend	suspend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	matches	match	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
15	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | while | stop *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | matches |  |  |  | because snow | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suspend a pupil, worker or player is to stop them from coming to school, work or playing for a time as a punishment.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:m3:1
# text = To suspend a pupil, worker or player is to stop them from coming to school, work or playing for a time as a punishment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	suspend	suspend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | to-infinitive |  | a pupil and worker or player |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stop *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  | school and work |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **play** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | as a punishment | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If tiny bits are suspended in a liquid or gas, they float in it without sinking or dissolving.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:m4:1
# text = If tiny bits are suspended in a liquid or gas, they float in it without sinking or dissolving.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	float	float	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	sinking	sink	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	advcl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	dissolving	dissolve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | tiny bits |  | a liquid or gas |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in liquid=Destination |
| 2 | **float** | present | bits *= bit* |  |  | gas |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Trajectory |
| 3 | **sink** | gerund | bits *= bit* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **dissolve** | gerund | bits *= bit* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big chandelier was suspended from the ceiling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x1:1
# text = A big chandelier was suspended from the ceiling.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chandelier	chandelier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | a big chandelier |  | the ceiling |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from ceiling=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All flights were suspended because of the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x2:1
# text = All flights were suspended because of the storm.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	flights	flight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | all flights |  |  |  | because the storm | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was suspended from school for fighting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x3:1
# text = He was suspended from school for fighting.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | He |  | school |  | for fighting | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from school=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The player was suspended for two matches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x4:1
# text = The player was suspended for two matches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	matches	match	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | the player |  |  |  | for two matches | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud particles were suspended in the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x5:1
# text = Mud particles were suspended in the water.
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past · passive |  | Mud particles |  | the water |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in water=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge is suspended from strong cables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x6:1
# text = The bridge is suspended from strong cables.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cables	cable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | present · passive |  | the bridge |  | strong cables |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from cable=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The club suspended training during the holidays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x7:1
# text = The club suspended training during the holidays.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past | the club | training |  |  | during the holidays |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent training=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For this purpose she jumped upon a peg, and suspending herself from it, pretended to be dead.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:suspend:x8:1
# text = For this purpose she jumped upon a peg, and suspending herself from it, pretended to be dead.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	peg	peg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suspending	suspend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
12	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
19	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | she |  |  | a peg |  | for this purpose | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon peg=Trajectory |
| 2 | **suspend** | gerund | she *not said here* | herself *= she* |  | peg |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent herself=Theme from it=Source |
| 3 | **pretend** | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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