---
title: sward — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sward» in the school dictionary: An area of short grass; a lawn or green field of turf. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sward

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, Sheep, They, castle, Daisies, farmer · **What happens:** run, graze, spread, stand, dot, check · **To what, where:** green sward, picnic, sward, smooth sward, cows, themselves

<!-- .vabout -->
«sward» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sward in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sward.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area of short grass; a lawn or green field of turf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:m1:1
# text = An area of short grass; a lawn or green field of turf.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	turf	turf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children ran across the green sward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x1:1
# text = The children ran across the green sward.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the children |  |  | the green sward |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sward=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sheep grazed on the sward by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x2:1
# text = Sheep grazed on the sward by the river.
1	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past | Sheep |  |  |  |  | by the river; on the sward | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on sward=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They spread a picnic on the sward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x3:1
# text = They spread a picnic on the sward.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | They | a picnic |  | the sward |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picnic=Theme on sward=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle stood above a smooth sward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x4:1
# text = The castle stood above a smooth sward.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the castle |  |  | a smooth sward |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above sward=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daisies dotted the sward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x5:1
# text = Daisies dotted the sward.
1	Daisies	daisy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dotted	dot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dot** | past | Daisies | the sward |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sward=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer checked the sward before letting the cows out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x6:1
# text = The farmer checked the sward before letting the cows out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the farmer | the sward |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sward=Theme |
| 2 | **let out** | gerund | the farmer *not said here* | the cows |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They flung themselves down on the sward, close to their underground home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sward:x7:1
# text = They flung themselves down on the sward, close to their underground home.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sward	sward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling down** | past | They | themselves *= they* |  | the sward |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on sward=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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