---
title: sweetener — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sweetener» in the school dictionary: A sweetener is something put in food or drink to make it taste sweet, especially a substance used instead of sugar. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sweetener

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sweetener, drink, Honey, you, Grandad, shop · **What happens:** be, put, make, taste, use, offer · **To what, where:** something, food, sweetener, substance, deal, natural sweetener · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sweetener» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sweetener in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sweetener.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweetener is something put in food or drink to make it taste sweet, especially a substance used instead of sugar.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:m1:1
# text = A sweetener is something put in food or drink to make it taste sweet, especially a substance used instead of sugar.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sweetener | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle |  |  |  | food or drink |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in food=Destination |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | sweetener |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **taste** | infinitive | sweetener *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **use** | participle |  | a substance *not said here* |  |  |  | instead sugar | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something extra offered to make a deal or idea more attractive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:m2:1
# text = Something extra offered to make a deal or idea more attractive.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	extra	extra	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	attractive	attractive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | participle · passive |  | Something |  |  |  | extra *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a deal or idea |  |  |  | attractive *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset deal=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This drink has sweetener instead of sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x1:1
# text = This drink has sweetener instead of sugar.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this drink | sweetener |  |  |  | instead sugar | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweetener=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honey is a natural sweetener.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x2:1
# text = Honey is a natural sweetener.
1	Honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Honey | a natural sweetener |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the label to see which sweetener is used.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x3:1
# text = Read the label to see which sweetener is used.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the label |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | which sweetener |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad puts sweetener in his tea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x4:1
# text = Grandad puts sweetener in his tea.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Grandad | sweetener |  | Grandad's tea |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sweetener=Theme in tea=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop gave a free gift as a sweetener.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x5:1
# text = The shop gave a free gift as a sweetener.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sweetener	sweetener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the shop | a free gift |  |  |  | as a sweetener | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some sweeteners are much sweeter than sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetener:x6:1
# text = Some sweeteners are much sweeter than sugar.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	sweeteners	sweetener	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	sweeter	sweet	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some sweeteners |  |  |  |  | than sugar; sweet *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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