---
title: sweetheart — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sweetheart» in the school dictionary: A person you love in a romantic way, a boyfriend or girlfriend. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sweetheart

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, friendly loving name, child, Mum, grandparents, new teacher · **What happens:** love, use, care, come, be, say · **To what, where:** romantic way, child, real sweetheart, childhood sweethearts, sweetheart, scratch · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sweetheart» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sweetheart in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sweetheart.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person you love in a romantic way, a boyfriend or girlfriend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:m1:1
# text = A person you love in a romantic way, a boyfriend or girlfriend.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	romantic	romantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | a person |  |  | a romantic way |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friendly, loving name used for someone you care about, especially a child («Come here, sweetheart»).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:m2:1
# text = A friendly, loving name used for someone you care about, especially a child («Come here, sweetheart»).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	care	care	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle | a friendly loving name *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **care** | present | a friendly loving name | a child |  |  |  | for someone; about *property* | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for someone=Theme |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive | a child *not said here* |  |  | here |  | sweetheart *vocative* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very kind, lovely person: «She's a real sweetheart».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:m3:1
# text = A very kind, lovely person: «She's a real sweetheart».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | person | a real sweetheart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Goodnight, sweetheart,» said Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x1:1
# text = «Goodnight, sweetheart,» said Mum.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Goodnight	goodnight	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandparents were childhood sweethearts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x2:1
# text = My grandparents were childhood sweethearts.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sweethearts	sweetheart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My grandparents | childhood sweethearts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new teacher is a real sweetheart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x3:1
# text = The new teacher is a real sweetheart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the new teacher | a real sweetheart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sent his sweetheart a Valentine's card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x4:1
# text = He sent his sweetheart a Valentine's card.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | He | his sweetheart |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent sweetheart=Destination card=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Don't cry, sweetheart, it's only a scratch.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x5:1
# text = «Don't cry, sweetheart, it's only a scratch.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	cry	cry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | sweetheart |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweetheart=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | sweetheart | a scratch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog is a sweetheart and loves everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sweetheart:x6:1
# text = The dog is a sweetheart and loves everyone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dog | a sweetheart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | present | the dog *not said here* | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer everyone=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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